tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19302761688481744582024-03-18T03:17:49.255-04:00Beyond the Bleeding Edge - Hyper/Word Services' Technology BlogLow-gibberish overviews of online content technologies, tools, and methodologies to answer the popular question "What the heck is...?" Topic suggestions always welcome...Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.comBlogger124125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-89714943751641235112022-06-28T11:11:00.000-04:002022-06-28T11:11:13.925-04:00A Capsule Review of Flare 2022<p>MadCap’s new releases of Flare seem to fall into two
categories, new features like QR codes and HTML5 output or major expansions of
existing features. Flare 2022 falls into the latter category in three main
areas.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Meta tags – Meta tags are elements that identify a file to
help with retrieval or processing. For example, “title” is a meta tag – e.g., “find
files whose title contains the word ‘barbecue’”. Flare has long supported meta
tags, albeit on a simple level through the Description field on the Topic
Properties tab. But 2022 adds a new Meta Tags tab and the ability to better add
and control meta tags for SEO (Search Engine Optimization) and for Flare-specific
tasks like managing micro content. And as powerful as the new meta tags feature
is, it also seems to be a framework for future meta tag feature enhancements.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Micro content – 2022 has some major changes in the micro
content feature. These include:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">“Containers” to let you categorize your micro
content.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">The ability to tie your micro content to meta
tags in order to more finely control what micro content displays under what
conditions.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">More control over the “featured snippet” that
displays in the results box when users run a search.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">The ability to pull micro content from all the
micro content in a project or from selected groups via the new Knowledge Panel
feature.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">And more.</span><!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Skins – MadCap has modified the Skin editor to change its
look and behavior and add new features like proxies for maximum customization.
There’s so much going on here that my advice is to read the description in the
What’s New section of the help.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">What I’ve written above is obviously totally superficial.
That said, several broad observations:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Mechanically, the new features are easy to use
once you know where they are in the interface. MadCap has generally been good
with ease-of-use over the years and 2022 is no exception.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Conceptually, Flare continues to get increasingly
powerful. I’d describe 2022 as equivalent to the original Flare times two, or
more, since the micro content is equivalent to creating an entire content
stream of its own that can be tied to the traditional topics.</p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"> <br />As with any power features, you don’t have to use these new features. I suspect
that many Flare users won’t. They’re overkill for most traditional projects.
But if you need to support advanced searching or content segmentation, definitely
look at and try out the new features.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Managerially (and I know I’m starting to sound
like a broken record), winging it on your projects is increasingly infeasible. It’s
always been important to plan and document your projects to keep them under
control; it’s now absolutely crucial if you use any of these new features. (Blatant
sales pitch – see my two-part webinar entitled “Why Documenting Your Project is
Crucial to Staying Organized” in the list of recorded webinars at <a href="https://www.madcapsoftware.com/resources/recorded-webinars.aspx">https://www.madcapsoftware.com/resources/recorded-webinars.aspx</a>.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">All in all, an impressive release.<o:p></o:p></p>Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-82275222354309436182022-01-28T07:32:00.000-05:002022-01-28T07:32:26.744-05:00Review of MadCap Flare 2021 r3 and MadCap Central<p><span style="font-family: arial;">MadCap just released new versions of Flare (2021 r3) and
Central. In this post, I’ll take a brief look at the new features and speculate
a bit as to where these tools are going.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">The big new feature is the enhanced branching in Flare and
Central. If you’re new to branching, imagine that you’re documenting version 2
of a product but you’ve been asked to document new feature X that will be included
in a forthcoming version 3. A common way to do this is to copy the version 2 project,
rename it version 3, and document new feature X in the version 3 documentation.
Easy…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">But what if engineering warns you that new feature X might
not be completed in time for release of the version 3 documentation so you have
to be prepared to remove that section. You can simply copy the version 3
project and name it “version 3 without new feature X”. You now have three Flare
projects – version 2, version 3 with new feature X, and version 3 without new
feature X. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">To make things worse, what if you need to document new
feature Y and add it in the two new versions? In this case, you might wind up
with two more Flare projects - version 3 with new features X and Y, and version
3 without new feature X but new feature Y. Then you make some changes in
version 3 without new feature X but with new feature y, then realize that you
need to get these changes into version 3 with new feature X and new feature Y. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">If your head is spinning at this point, that’s normal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">Authors often deal with situations like this, handling them using
conditions. But conditions can quickly get complicated. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Branching can help. You can create separate versions
of the documentation containing the different content, then merge the different
content as needed. This can still be complicated but less so than trying to
figure out the logic behind conditions that have often not been documented carefully.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">For a good description of how branching works, see the Flare
2021 r3 webinar that MadCap first gave on January 26. Find it at <a href="https://www.madcapsoftware.com/webinars/new-releases-of-madcap-flare-2021-r3-madcap-central-a-walkthrough-of-whats-new-2">https://www.madcapsoftware.com/webinars/new-releases-of-madcap-flare-2021-r3-madcap-central-a-walkthrough-of-whats-new-2</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">This webinar reviews branching enhancements in Flare and
Central, plus using Central to perform topic reviews and builds and site
creation, and enhancements to the topic filtering feature in Central. The description
of branching starts at 2:31 in the webinar and ends at 12:52. It’s very well
done and should get you up to speed on the concepts.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h2><span style="font-family: arial;">Some Thoughts on the New Features<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">From what I’ve seen of the software, MadCap has done a neat
job of adding the branching features to Flare and Central and integrating the
features across both. So, you can now do all your authoring and builds in Flare
and simply use Central as a source control system, or do your authoring in Flare
but build and control your source material in Central, or various combinations
of both. It’s extremely flexible.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">However, that flexibility means it can be easy to get
confused over what tasks you’re doing in what tool. Because of that, I’d
strongly recommend that any authors who use the new branching features write detailed
cheat sheets that describe the process step by step.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">There’s a bigger picture here as well. (What follows is my
assessment of where MadCap is going. It’s not based on any information from
MadCap.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">From the first, Flare has been both a tool and an
environment to which MadCap attached new tools. For example, project analysis
was originally done using the separate Analyzer tool until MadCap integrated Analyzer’s
functionality into Flare via the Analysis feature. Generating analytics
required using Google Analytics until MadCap added the analytics feature to
Central. If you needed version control, you had to use third-party tools like Microsoft
TFS, Git, or Subversion until MadCap added Central. Enhancement of the
branching support in Central and Flare means that you can now do more and more
tasks in the MadCap environment rather than having to mentally and procedurally
integrate multiple tools from multiple vendors. In other words, MadCap is
turning into a Swiss-Army knife vendor. What’s missing so far is large-scale
governance features but the foundation is starting to appear.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">I can see several effects from this.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Flare will become competitive with larger, more
expensive commercial content management systems.</span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]-->Flare will become competitive with expensive and
custom content management and authoring systems offered by consulting
companies. (To illustrate this, a few years ago I spent two weeks in Washington,
DC getting a very large multi-national agency up to speed on using Flare to put
its user manuals online. The client had been considering using a custom authoring
system from a large consulting company at a cost of several million US dollars.
Somehow, the client stumbled across MadCap and got the same results and better
functionality, without being held hostage to the consulting company, for a
fraction of the cost. I never did find out what the savings were but from the
client’s expression, they were very large.)</span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Project management will have to become
increasingly rigorous. Doing branching alone requires careful attention; handling
branching across several authoring tools, even if well-integrated, requires
additional attention. Basically, the days of “winging it” are coming to an end.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial;">
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">Do you need to upgrade to the new versions of Flare and
Central? If you don’t do branching, then no. The previous versions of both
tools will do fine. But if you do have to worry about branching or see it being
a factor in the near future, I definitely recommend upgrading.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h2><span style="font-family: arial;">About the Author<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiS7ILnuMMuFgL9gnUX-WJXrum6MdHmkLGjcO7UVYjp9zcB2lVfrOBIroAQWs-1_0QpaEiRjqF9FX1QpRuOpRlewTMQsqs93gVNUul_8PB9S9mUivKj5ol0rmGeUG8JOeoUg_jBpa8KWb4y9JsJfkf4T45nwCzqeUbhPoyrXySb9UV_NrMAanuYpY-1=s249" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="249" data-original-width="195" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiS7ILnuMMuFgL9gnUX-WJXrum6MdHmkLGjcO7UVYjp9zcB2lVfrOBIroAQWs-1_0QpaEiRjqF9FX1QpRuOpRlewTMQsqs93gVNUul_8PB9S9mUivKj5ol0rmGeUG8JOeoUg_jBpa8KWb4y9JsJfkf4T45nwCzqeUbhPoyrXySb9UV_NrMAanuYpY-1" width="195" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">Neil has over four decades of experience in tech comm, with 36
years in training, consulting, and development for various online formats and
tools including WinHelp, HTML Help, CE Help, JavaHelp, WebHelp, Flare, and
more. Neil is a frequent speaker at MadWorld and the author of several books
about Flare, mobile app development, and project management.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;">Neil is Madcap certified for Flare and Mimic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He provides training, consulting, and
development for online help and documentation, Flare, Mimic, XML,
single-sourcing, topic-based and structured authoring, and content
strategy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He can be reached at <a href="mailto:nperlin@nperlin.digitalspacemail8.net">nperlin@nperlin.digitalspacemail8.net</a>.</span><o:p></o:p></p>Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-89344914585157250132020-10-23T10:27:00.001-04:002020-10-23T10:27:51.301-04:00MadCap Flare 2020r2 – My Favorite New Features<p> <span style="background: white;">MadCap Software released MadCap Flare 2020R2 about two weeks
ago, with new features ranging from those that add convenience to those that,
in my opinion, indicate trends. In this review, I’ll briefly look at my favorites
in this latest release. (For an overview of <i>all</i> the new features, see
the “</span>What’s New in MadCap Flare 2020 r2” video at <a href="https://www.madcapsoftware.com/videos/">https://www.madcapsoftware.com/videos/</a><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 107%;">).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<h2>Micro Content Enhancements<o:p></o:p></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal">MadCap continues to expand the micro content feature at a
rapid clip. The most recent change is in the ability to format content
differently when it’s displayed in a traditional topic versus when it’s displayed
as micro content. Why do this?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">MadCap’s example of using part of a set of content in
traditional output and a slightly different part of that content in micro
content is a good one. For example, you might not want to mention an option in
the micro content in order to keep that material short in the more restricted
space. Ditto using different formatting, different line spacing for example.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Assessment – From its inception, one of Flare’s major
characteristics has been flexibility. That flexibility is further enhanced by
this newest micro content feature. That feature also suggests future directions
for Flare. (What follows is pure speculation.) For all intents and purposes, the
micro content features are turning Flare into a two-track authoring tool. It
can be used for “traditional” online content, with micro content integrated
into that content, but can also be used to create (micro) content by itself,
positioning Flare as an authoring tool for use in creating content for “terse”
applications like VR, voice, or chatbots.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I have not yet had any Flare clients that make full use of
the micro content features but I’ll be interested to see how that changes in
the next few years.<o:p></o:p></p>
<h2>“Sort at Build” Option<o:p></o:p></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal">This is one of those seemingly trivial features that solves
an annoying problem – what happens if several authors work on a list in the
same topic and add, delete, or edit list items but don’t sort it before a build
because that isn’t any one author’s job. The result is a list that’s out of order
and doesn’t look correct, or that might even confuse readers. The sort at build
option simply lets authors specify that the list should be sorted at build time
by Flare itself, removing that task from the authors.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Assessment – “Sort at build” is a neat solution to the
multi-author sorting issue. It also reflects a change in the authoring environment
since it implies that multiple authors may touch the same material, which in
turn implies the use of a source control system.<o:p></o:p></p>
<h2>Salesforce and ZenDesk Enhancements<o:p></o:p></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal">MadCap continues to enhance its ability to create output for
use in these two environments. However, because these environments are so
specialized, a detailed discussion of the enhancements won’t be useful here so
I’ll simply note that the enhancements correct mismatches and problems between
Flare and those environments.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Assessment – My experience is that Salesforce and ZenDesk authors
are often less than happy with the authoring capabilities in those environments.
MadCap’s continued improvement to Flare’s interaction with those environments makes
it more likely authors can use Flare in place of the native authoring features.<o:p></o:p></p>
<h2>Deprecated Features<o:p></o:p></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal">I found two sets of deprecated features meaningful in both
the trend and personal aspects.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The first is DITA output. DITA was introduced with a bang in
the early 2000s as the answer for structured authoring but, outside of a small
and specialized community, never took off within tech comm. MadCap gave DITA
support a valiant effort but the deprecation is a recognition of DITA’s failure
to effectively launch. (To my friends in the DITA space – let’s just agree to
disagree.)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The second is the WebHelp output. WebHelp appeared in late
1997/early 1998 as a browser-based alternative to Microsoft’s HTML Help, the
first HTML-based online help output. (The previous format, Windows Help, also
from Microsoft, was based on RTF.) HTML5 began to supersede WebHelp in the
early 2010s and is now dominant, as indicated by WebHelp’s deprecation by
MadCap. Tempus fugit.<o:p></o:p></p>Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-17644290854600995982020-05-12T08:57:00.001-04:002020-05-12T08:57:22.484-04:00MadCap Flare 2020 – My Favorite New Features<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
MadCap Software recently released MadCap Flare 2020 and the
May 2020 version of MadCap Central. As with past releases, the new features run
the gamut from the unexpected and powerful to those that add convenience. In
this review, I’ll touch on a few of my favorite features in this release of Flare.
(For a look at all the new features, see the What’s New webinar that MadCap is
presenting on May 13 (and likely to be found soon afterwards at MadCap’s web site).<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Micro Content Enhancements<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The biggest change is an enhanced micro content feature. MadCap
Software has added support for conditions on micro content phrases in order to
control what phrases are available for a given output. It also added support
for conditions to control what micro content is seen when viewed in normal
topics or as search results. Finally, it added support for variables in micro
content, similar to “regular” variables. The result effectively creates a new
development stream that can be used in parallel with regular topics or even in
place of regular topics. If you’re already familiar with conditions and
variables, using them with micro content won’t be too big a challenge. The
biggest issue will be the expanded project management load.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Assessment – Flare is an extraordinarily powerful single
sourcing tool. (See the six-part series on my blog at hyperword.blogspot.com
for an overview of the single sourcing features.) These new micro content
capabilities simply increase Flare’s single sourcing power. I don’t know any
company that has made full use of all these features but between the existing
features and the new ones for micro content, I can’t think of anything that I
could not do.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There’s one more change to the micro content – creating context-sensitive
Help at the field, or “object”, level. In the RTF-based help days, this was
handled by “What’s This Help”. Over time, however, due to the effort that this
called for on the parts of the help authors and the application programmers,
field-level help largely disappeared. The enhanced micro content feature now
supports field-level help by letting authors assign context-sensitive help IDs
to micro content phrases. And rather than having to create separate topics for
the field help, we can simply use text from a larger topic as the field help. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Assessment – I’m not sure how widely this capability of the
micro content feature will be used because of the fall-off in the use of field
help over the last 10+ years. But any company that wants or needs to create field-level
help will welcome this feature.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Find and Replace Enhancements<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Flare’s Find and Replace feature has always been very
powerful. This enhancement boosts that power. The Find and Replace in Files tab
is now split into two tabs – Find Text and Find Elements. The Find Text tab is
largely the same as the Find and Replace in Files tab, letting you search for
and replace text or search for and replace code in topics. But the new Find
Elements tab enhances that by letting you search for types of items with
conditions. For example, you can search for a category of item, including tag,
class, style ID, inline formatting, or attribute. You can then specify what to
search for within a category, such as a specific tag or class or a specific
piece of inline format coding. You can then specify the replacement string. For
example, from the examples in MadCap’s online help, you might remove a tip in
all the topics. Or you might remove a Center class from all paragraphs in all
snippets. Or you might remove local formatting from all topics in one folder.
And so on.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Assessment – If you have to modify a project at the code
level, or if you’re cleaning up the code from an old Flare project or a project
from another authoring tool after import into Flare, the sheer power in this
feature will put it at the top of your toolbox. My only reservation is that
this feature is so powerful that you’ll have to carefully think through what
you’re trying to do, and back up the project, before actually doing the work. (Both
tabs have a Create Backup option which makes that easy.) I’d also recommend
experimenting with it before actually using it.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Code Snippets<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If you had to insert code snippets in your topics in the
past, you probably did so in one of two ways. You might have taken a screen
shot of the code and pasted it into the topic. This works but it’s impossible
for readers to grab the code out of the topic to re-use it. Or you copied the code
from another file, pasted it into the topic, and formatted it to make it stand
out from the text. The new code snippets feature is like option 2 but better; it
treats the code as an “object” that can be formatted in various language
formats, and formatted for appearance, and adds a clickable “Copy” command that
eliminates the need to select and copy the text like readers do now. Code
snippets look attractive in printed outputs as well.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Assessment – This is a special-purpose feature, but it will
come in very handy if you need to insert code snippets with syntax highlighting
in your topics, such as in API documentation.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Collapsing and Expanding Tags in the XML Editor<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If you create long topics with a complex heading structure,
it can be difficult to keep track of where you are within that heading
structure. Even with the structure bars turned on, different heading levels can
start to look alike. Is that a Heading 2 or a Heading 3? The ability to
collapse and expand sections in the XML Editor may make things easier. Simply
click on the angled arrowhead to the left of the material – a heading,
paragraph, etc. – to collapse that material. Clicking on the angled arrowhead
again re-expands the material. Moving or deleting a collapsed head moves or
deletes all the material collapsed under it. You can hide or show the
collapse/expand indicators, just as you can hide or show the structure bars, by
clicking the appropriate button on the lower toolbar of the XML Editor.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Assessment – This is a useful convenience feature.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
New Plugin for ServiceNow<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Flare added support for publishing to Salesforce and Zendesk in previous releases, a real benefit if
you use Flare but have to create content to be published to those other systems. Flare 2020 adds support for publishing content to a third platform with the MadCap Connect for ServiceNow plugin. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Assessment -- This is a very useful feature for ServiceNow users (as were the plug-ins for Salesforce and Zendesk) because they keep you within Flare’s single-sourcing feature set.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
Summary<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
All the new features and enhancements are useful and
continue MadCap’s tradition of pioneering. The enhanced micro content feature
is the most impressive new feature in Flare 2020, but it also takes you further
away from the “wing it” philosophy of development. A feature this powerful and
wide-ranging needs careful planning and management to be used effectively. If
you work in code, the enhanced Find and Replace feature is an unbeatable way to
become more efficient – with the caveat that it’s so powerful that you’ll want
to understand both the feature and what you’re trying to do very carefully
before actually using it. And if you find yourself doing API documentation, or
if you need to showcase code snippets in online and print output, you’ll
appreciate the new code snippet editor. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Overall, Flare 2020 looks like a solid new release.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-17382055313559004132020-04-27T12:49:00.000-04:002020-04-27T12:49:52.411-04:00Contextualizing Our Content – One Step Beyond<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
On April 2, I gave a webinar for MadCap called “Contextualizing
Our Content – Today and Tomorrow.” In that webinar, I briefly reviewed how
traditional context-sensitive help (CSH) and responsive design work before discussing
and demo-ing advanced contextualization. That involved customizing a Flare target
<b><i>in real-time, without regenerating the output,</i></b> in response to
simulated sensor data, such as a change in temperature reported by a
temperature sensor. The idea was to show how content can be customized based on
input from anywhere, not just from within the computer as in CSH and responsive
design. The bigger idea was to illustrate an example of contextualization in
support of the Information 4.0 concept.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I won’t describe that first webinar in any more detail. You
can find it in the list of recorded webinars at <a href="https://www.madcapsoftware.com/resources/recorded-webinars.aspx#flare">https://www.madcapsoftware.com/resources/recorded-webinars.aspx#flare</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Several viewers asked what other criteria could be used to
customize the content. Those questions lead me to do some further testing to
see what other properties of the output could be modified without the need to
regenerate the output – customizing the output in real-time by modifying a
control file, saving the modification, and then simply refreshing the output. I
didn’t test every possibility – this was a proof-of-concept test – but here’s
what I found.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The input control data comes first. This could be external
sensor data, as in the webinar, but, in theory, could be any kind of data from
anywhere. One viewer asked if artificial intelligence data might work. I wasn’t
able to test this but it should work. (If you’re the person who asked that
question, please contact me if you’d like to discuss this further.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The processing script comes next. I simulated this in the
webinar by modifying the CSS file by hand but it should be possible to write a
Javascript that captured the input control data and use it to create a new
version of the control file (show.css in the webinar) or simply modify the control
file.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The next issue, and the topic of this post, is what you can
modify in the output. As the webinar showed, I could modify the content based
on its conditionality. Because conditions can apply to almost anything in a
Flare project, almost anything should be modifiable as long as the things to be
modified are specified in a control file that’s in the Output folder. For
example, I was able to modify the skin banner for tablets by changing the
background-color under nav.title-bar in tablet.css in output > owner >
HTML5 > skins > fluid > stylesheets. Similarly, I was able to modify
the skin banner for mobile by making the same change but in mobile.css.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Here’s an example, first with the skin banner colors
generated in the target output.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Desktop-sized:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQnzgGvX-Yw4i2_0Z6kdZE0ATRSP5iuy6qgKPPIi5axMeFy0sAu5evUALPgeix44WybjNMN3VOa4cqyKlPeI-AiHuhI74Y6XgyJeJMcPEo0YPp6HOxtrua-nulufnU3fCY8QIeVs9ffOY/s1600/Generated+-+Desktop-Size.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="758" data-original-width="1342" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQnzgGvX-Yw4i2_0Z6kdZE0ATRSP5iuy6qgKPPIi5axMeFy0sAu5evUALPgeix44WybjNMN3VOa4cqyKlPeI-AiHuhI74Y6XgyJeJMcPEo0YPp6HOxtrua-nulufnU3fCY8QIeVs9ffOY/s320/Generated+-+Desktop-Size.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0">
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1">
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1">
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth">
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0">
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight">
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0">
</v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas>
<v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
<o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" style="height: 264.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 468pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/Owner/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Tablet-sized:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5fdgTxcrzWRcUNmiipWuMGBHRFNkqB5Msp90Z34AX94AiPR-wGjgjmuolsNVGpaYbDlU5asG-Xl7HRMtpQSwSVClmU1xv-0zzsUe0JDVmVRydz5UGk4rKAEFeDZPLIyFegrNMcj5Wqso/s1600/Generated+-+Tablet-Size.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="758" data-original-width="1263" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5fdgTxcrzWRcUNmiipWuMGBHRFNkqB5Msp90Z34AX94AiPR-wGjgjmuolsNVGpaYbDlU5asG-Xl7HRMtpQSwSVClmU1xv-0zzsUe0JDVmVRydz5UGk4rKAEFeDZPLIyFegrNMcj5Wqso/s320/Generated+-+Tablet-Size.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" style="height: 281.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 468pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/Owner/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And finally, mobile-sized – i.e. phone-sized:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiki1wOSpr9oiShTAHJVo3-XwmiwaDsCC-xNEJC5aTPr7DDQS-pmD4ta8H0v_W31DewwnRR-c6mgbDt2TSAwDaxyiPjuYEk9BKaJbR6hL0tu_8JmhNDHyy6AKhKaNjVZ5Bb63TVRNarRgI/s1600/Generated+-+Mobile-Size.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="758" data-original-width="697" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiki1wOSpr9oiShTAHJVo3-XwmiwaDsCC-xNEJC5aTPr7DDQS-pmD4ta8H0v_W31DewwnRR-c6mgbDt2TSAwDaxyiPjuYEk9BKaJbR6hL0tu_8JmhNDHyy6AKhKaNjVZ5Bb63TVRNarRgI/s320/Generated+-+Mobile-Size.png" width="294" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 281.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 258pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/Owner/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now, here’s the same output but with the tablet and mobile
banner colors set in tablet.css and mobile.css as described above. (I’m leaving
the desktop-sized banner in red.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Tablet-sized (the hex value for the silver is C0C0C0):<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 281.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 357.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/Owner/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIMAdgx74zkSKTgbyhivIGFB93ZIqoEOjyd8GpwmnumKRGYDt9kysuboMFDJzw_uFE17K3Vio0X-HEpSKlrvNLprrlvf5MZDH276Sw7N1HrTZGqu56lvdTsziXaIswj5JXNVEjurVtzoo/s1600/Dynamic+-+Tablet-Size.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="758" data-original-width="965" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIMAdgx74zkSKTgbyhivIGFB93ZIqoEOjyd8GpwmnumKRGYDt9kysuboMFDJzw_uFE17K3Vio0X-HEpSKlrvNLprrlvf5MZDH276Sw7N1HrTZGqu56lvdTsziXaIswj5JXNVEjurVtzoo/s320/Dynamic+-+Tablet-Size.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And mobile-sized (the hex value for the orange is ffa500):<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglFKLnlSpjJYcAdgLF2JR8D4LLjMeeZO3v1en5N_FOzo06ldAm9rLyL1HdocMzHcP78VrZsSrHYqi1vpJS4vhjhWarNGM_kM8VeH0Vk7k6S8bzhXHXf_TbX7aWQAEpywANHN_lUwYDRY4/s1600/Dynamic+-+Mobile-Size.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="758" data-original-width="718" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglFKLnlSpjJYcAdgLF2JR8D4LLjMeeZO3v1en5N_FOzo06ldAm9rLyL1HdocMzHcP78VrZsSrHYqi1vpJS4vhjhWarNGM_kM8VeH0Vk7k6S8bzhXHXf_TbX7aWQAEpywANHN_lUwYDRY4/s320/Dynamic+-+Mobile-Size.png" width="303" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 281.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 265.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/Owner/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It may be possible to control other elements of an output –
as I noted above, this was more of a proof- of-concept than a complete test.
But it does work. And as I noted in the webinar, this offers the ability to
customize our outputs in response to a wide variety of environmental data. And
it does so in real-time, which may open up industrial applications for which
the traditional build process was too time-consuming.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It’s also just cool…<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If you’d like to discuss this further, feel free to email me
at nperlin@nperlin.digitalspacemail8.net.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-15207145519522268802019-12-11T08:55:00.004-05:002019-12-11T08:55:50.016-05:00Single Sourcing with MadCap Flare – Part 6 – Management<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
This post ends my series on single-sourcing features in
Flare. It will be short and to the point…<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The hardest part of using features like conditionality,
placeholder, project import, and the like is keeping them under control. What
happens when you don’t? Consider…<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the winter of 2017, I was hired by a company in Wisconsin
whose project had about 20 conditions with about 1500 insertions.
Unfortunately, the author who set up the conditions never documented how to use
them. When she left, her replacements had no guidance for using the conditions
so they guessed, with predictable results. The company could not be sure what
they’d get from a build. I was hired to try to fix this situation.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I spent three days analyzing the project to figure out how
the conditions were supposed to be used. At the end, I had to tell the company
that I had no idea what the original author had done. My suggestion was to
remove all the conditions, create a new set, DOCUMENT THEM, and then re-insert
them. Not surprisingly, the company wasn’t pleased.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="a-size-large"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The only way to keep a project under control and
future-proofed is to set formal standards for using single-sourcing (and other) features
and document those standards and the project in general. As projects get larger
and more complex, and as MadCap keeps adding useful new features, there’s no
other alternative.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Good luck.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com38tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-13976351399330176032019-11-27T08:23:00.000-05:002019-11-27T08:23:12.144-05:00Single Sourcing with MadCap Flare – Part 5 – Other Features<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
My previous posts discussed the conditionality, placeholder,
and project import features that provide so much single-sourcing power. In this
post, I’ll discuss several lesser-known ones and one new one.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Conditionalized Styles<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Most projects use one stylesheet but there are options. For
example, you can create two stylesheets for use in a project and specify that
stylesheet A should be used for online targets and B for print. The more
efficient approach is to create one stylesheet and allow for stylistic
variations in the targets by using the medium feature. Still another approach is
to create one stylesheet and use the mc-conditions property in the Stylesheet
Editor to literally turn a particular style on or off depending on the target.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
You can find the mc-conditions property in the Unclassified
property group if you’re looking at the styles by group, or alphabetically if
you switch to the alphabetic listing.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
CSS Variables<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There may be cases where you want to apply the same property
value to multiple styles. Consider color; you’d specify the same color for h1,
h2, and h3. However, having to repeatedly specify the color makes it easy to
make a mistake – typing the wrong digit in a hex-value color specification, for
example. One solution is to specify the color in the body style, which
propagates it down to the subsidiary styles, but this might still be a problem if
you had to specify alternative colors for h4, h5, and h6. The CSS variables
feature eliminates this problem by letting you specify the color in one
variable and use that variable in different styles.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are several steps involved in working with CSS
variables – none complicated but detailed enough that I’ll recommend that you
look at the CSS Variables topic in the Flare help.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Clean XHTML Target<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We typically use Flare’s topic editor to create content for Flare
targets but it also lets us create content – HTML files – for use outside
Flare, in a wiki for example. However, external programs may trip over the
MadCap-proprietary features. To deal with this, MadCap added the Clean XHTML
target. Selecting this target generates the output using standard XHTML but
strips out the MadCap-specific features. It’s not a widely-used feature, at
least in my experience, but it does let authors add support for other programs
without having to bring another tool into the picture.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Easy-Sync<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It’s common for authors to have to import Word or FrameMaker
files into Flare, converting them into topics in the process. The import can be
a one-time task, after which edits are done by the Flare author in Flare.
Alternatively, we may want the original author, who probably does not have
Flare, to be able to continue to update the imported files in the original tool
and have those change automatically flow into the Flare topics. The latter
option is the basis for the Easy-Sync feature.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This feature is driven by two options on the Word or FrameMaker
Import editor. Prior to version 2019 r2, we used the “Link generated files to
source files” option on the first tab and the “Auto-reimport before generate
output” option on the Options tab. (In Flare 2019 r2, these two options are
combined in the Reimport group at the bottom of the Advanced Options tab.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Link option creates a link from the Flare project to the
original Word or FrameMaker files. The Auto-reimport option tells Flare to
compare the content from the previous import with the content in the files now.
If they differ, Flare automatically reimport the Word or FrameMaker files,
creating new topics and overwriting the topics from the previous import.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Easy-Sync lets us create nearly-automated publishing
workflows. We create and maintain the content in Word or FrameMaker and use Flare
as the publishing engine. The problem is that this feature overwrites the
topics created by the previous import. For example, if we import a Word or FrameMaker
file into Flare, breaking it up into topics in the process, and then add Flare
features like links, those Flare features will be lost. So Easy-Sync is useful but
it calls for careful project planning and management.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Responsiveness<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One change affecting tech comm is the need to generate output
to run on different devices – generally desktops, tablets, and phones. The output’s
look may have to differ between the devices, and MadCap has been adding support
for this with Flare’s responsive output and responsive layout features. (I gave
a two-hour workshop on these features at MadWorld 2018.) Flare 2019 r2 adds a
new feature in support of responsiveness, responsive conditions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The responsive conditions feature adds responsiveness to
conditions (sorry…). In prior versions of Flare, conditions were simply set to be
included or excluded. The new responsiveness feature lets us specify that
material be included or excluded depending on the output device. For example, we
might use one graphic for a target aimed at desktop monitors but one with
larger text for target aimed at phones. Or, my favorite example, automatically
change the wording in a command from “Click the button” to “Tap the button” when
generating output for a tablet or phone. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are several steps to working with the responsive
conditions feature, again none complicated but detailed enough that I’ll
recommend that you look at the Responsive Conditions – Set By Media Query link
in the What’s New section of the Flare 2019r2 help.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Summary<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I hope these posts have given a sense of the range and power
of the features that Flare offers for single-sourcing. Technically, they work well
– the older features almost flawlessly after having gone through their birth
pangs. The common problem with the features is managing them. That will be the
subject of the last post in this series.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
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<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-12828796281129426762019-09-23T08:12:00.000-04:002019-09-23T08:12:05.046-04:00Single Sourcing with MadCap Flare – Part 4 – Flare Project Import<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
In previous posts, I noted that conditionality and
placeholders are the foundations of single-sourcing but described them being
used in single projects. What if you need to use the same elements in multiple
projects? For example, if you want all projects from different authors to use
the same product_name variable?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
You can create those elements from scratch in each project
but that’s inefficient. Or you can copy the control files for these elements
from a main project and paste them into the child projects, but what happens if
the author of the main project adds a condition? The main project’s modified
control files must be recopied into each child project; it’s easy to forget or
to copy the modified control file into the wrong folder in the child project.
And it’s easy for a child project author to change the control file so that it
deviates from the one in the main project, with a loss of consistency. There’s
a better way, the Flare Project Import feature.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Conceptually, this feature is simple and much like copying
the control files from the main project to the child projects. The difference
is that when you copy a file from the main, or master project, to the child,
the Flare Project Import feature maintains a link between the master project and
the child projects and redownloads the file from the master to the child if a copied
file has changed in either the master or child project. Consider the example
below.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9hDmNFk3gv14NsU-u9eA3oVQEPjLm2iEeLd8BkoSrbrWVtxS5QUcatv46MiukfSZy_gmjJJBFZ8SdIL236euIk-NBPapbJiwblbo0ur4RDwVk2pJ9VaruY1z1H9BwQiRy2cRxYSZ-DJ8/s1600/Master-Child+Project+Structure.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="377" data-original-width="714" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9hDmNFk3gv14NsU-u9eA3oVQEPjLm2iEeLd8BkoSrbrWVtxS5QUcatv46MiukfSZy_gmjJJBFZ8SdIL236euIk-NBPapbJiwblbo0ur4RDwVk2pJ9VaruY1z1H9BwQiRy2cRxYSZ-DJ8/s400/Master-Child+Project+Structure.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
You decide that all projects must use the same CSS and
Copyrights topic. So, you create a master project, the top box in the
flowchart, and store the CSS and Copyrights topic there. (You could use any
project as the master. However, that project may contain files that don’t apply
in this scenario and are just clutter. It’s usually less messy to create a new
project whose only purpose is to serve as the master.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The authors of the three child projects then link to the
master and download the CSS and the Copyrights topic to their projects. All
other files in the child projects are different, but the CSS and Copyrights
topic are identical. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now, the author of one of the child projects makes a change
in the copy of the CSS downloaded to that child project. Or perhaps the author
of the master changes the CSS. As long as there’s a difference in the CSS, or
the Copyrights topic, or any other shared file between the master and child
project, Flare will redownload the version of that file from the master project
to the child project and overwrite the version on the child project when the
author of the child project generates the output.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The beauty of this feature is that it ensures consistency
across the projects in which it’s used. You no longer have to worry about the
authors of the child projects changing the color of the h1 style in the CSS or
changing the wording in the Copyrights topic; the next time they generate their
output, their changes will be overwritten by the official version of the file
in the master project. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Better still, this applies to any file in a Flare project. You
get invisible consistency across multiple projects. I consider this one of
Flare’s coolest features and yet one of its least well-known because, unless
you took a class or called in a consultant, you’d never know that the feature
even existed. And the name, Flare Project Import, doesn’t really say what the
feature does.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A few tips if you want to use the Flare Project Import
feature:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Create
a separate master project and name it “Master Project” to avoid confusion. You
can use any project as the master project, but this has two problems. First,
using a real project as the master means that there will be a lot of files that
have no use in the master/child model and are just clutter and potentially
confusing.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">•<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Document
the feature to avoid creating “zombie” projects. The term comes from an old
client who asked me to investigate why the CSSs in his group’s Flare projects
kept reverting to some standard format even though the authors were deliberately
modifying their CSSs. As the client said, it was as if the CSSs had become zombies.
The problem was that a year earlier, an author had set up the Flare Project
Import feature but didn’t document it, then left the company. So the feature
was working perfectly but no one knew why or what to do about it. Avoid this
problem, and spare yourself the need to call in a consultant, by documenting
the project.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
That’s it for Flare Project
Import. Next up – conditionalized styles and CSS variables.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com48tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-15287743458271267342019-09-09T15:32:00.000-04:002019-09-09T15:32:25.723-04:00Single Sourcing with MadCap Flare – Part 3 - Placeholders<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Another Flare feature that supports single-sourcing is
placeholders, which Flare offers in two forms – variables and snippets. Placeholders
let you insert the same content in multiple places in a project, such as
multiple topics, and automatically change that content everywhere with just a
few mouse clicks.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For example (from the introductory post), let’s say that you’re
documenting a new product whose pre-release code name is Longhorn. You write
the word “Longhorn” in hundreds of places throughout the documentation. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Then, just before release, Marketing changes the product’s name
to Vista. You now have to search the documentation for all instances of
“Longhorn” and change them to “Vista”. It’s easy – just do a search and
replace. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But what if you misspelled “Longhorn” several times? A search
and replace won’t fix that. You could do a fragmentary search and replace –
search for “Long” – but that would give many false hits. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Or, let’s say that you
have to repeat the same set of steps in multiple topics. Easy – type the steps
once, then copy them and insert them in the appropriate topics. But what
happens when one of the steps changes? You have to find each insertion and
change it. But how do you know where you inserted the material. You might keep
track of the insertions but that calls for an unusual level of management. You
could again search for the insertions but that might again bring up false hits.
Placeholders are a solution in both cases.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Variables<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The simplest placeholder is the text-only variable. In the
first example, rather than typing the product’s name over and over again, you’d
create a variable called, perhaps, productname, and set its definition (its value)
as “Longhorn”. You’d then tell Flare to insert the value of the productname
variable wherever you wanted the word “Longhorn” to appear in a topic or other
file. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Then, when Marketing changes the product name, you’d simply
change the value of productname from “Longhorn” to “Vista”. Flare then automatically
changes the “wording” everywhere you inserted the variable. You don’t have to
keep track of the insertions – Flare does that.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Variables are easy to create and use. What can be tricky is
defining them. For example, what do you do if you need to use a variable as a
possessive – if you want to say “Longorn’s features include…” Do you create two
variables called productname and productname_possessive with values of Longhorn
and Longhorn’s, or do you use the single productname variable and type “’s
features include…” and insert the productname variable in front of the “’s”?
Either approach works; you just have to define which approach to use and get
all authors to agree.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Flare stores variables in a file called a VariableSet, with
an extension of flvar, accessible from the Project Organizer pane. You can
create multiple VariableSet files if you want to categorize multiple variables or
simply break multiple variables into smaller groups.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Several points regarding variables:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>Variables usually have one value but you may need
more sometimes for different outputs. For example, you might be generating US
and Canadian outputs and have a variable called country. You specify that the
value of that variable is US. But if you’re generating Canadian output, you’d
want to change the value to Canada. You can override the US value on the Variables
tab of the Target Editor but it’s a good idea to minimize the typing needed to
specify output settings. The solution is to create the country variable,
specify its value as US, but then click the third icon, Add Variable
Definition, on the VariableSet Editor toolbar. You’ll see a second instance of
the country variable, greyed out, and can now type the additional value, here
Canada.</li>
<li>
How then do you tell Flare what value to use for a particular output target? On
the Variables tab of the Target Editor, there’s a dropdown link to the right of
any variable that has multiple values. Click that dropdown link and select the
desired value.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>In addition to the standard variables, you can
also specify date and time variables. One common use is to add a variable that
specifies when the output was generated and that’s automatically updated. Click
the second icon, Add DateTime Variable, type the name, such as Generated On,
then click in the Definition field. When the Edit Format dialog box opens, type
the format – click the I icon for help – then specify when to update the variable.</li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Snippets<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Snippets are similar to variables but more powerful because
they can contain anything you’d enter in a topic – text, lists, images, tables,
links, formatting, and so on – including variables. In example two above, rather
than typing the steps, copying them, and pasting them into the appropriate
topics, you’d create a snippet called, for example, task1_steps. You’d then
insert the task1_steps into the appropriate topics. When the time came to
change one of the steps, you’d change it in the snippet itself. Flare would
then automatically change the “wording” everywhere that you inserted the
snippet. Again, you don’t have to keep track of the insertions – Flare does.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Each snippet exists in a separate flsnp file that’s
accessible from the Resources folder on the Content Explorer. (You can put the
snippet files anywhere you want within the project’s structure. I just find it
simplest to store them in the Resources folder.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Several points regarding snippets:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>You can create text snippets and block snippets.
A text snippet consists of one paragraph of text or less. If you insert a text
snippet on a new line or in an existing paragraph, it keeps its structure as a
line of text. A block snippet consists of two or more paragraphs of text or other
element followed by a return, such as a graphic. If you insert a block snippet
on a new line, the snippet retains its paragraph structure. However, if you
insert a block snippet in an existing paragraph, the block snippet paragraphs become
run together.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>As noted above, a snippet can contain a
variable. However, because you can assign conditions to snippets and variables,
it’s possible to have a snippet to which you’ve assigned a condition to be
excluded for a particular output but that contains a variable to which you’ve
assigned a condition to be included for that same output. In such a conflict, Flare
will default to an include so it will display the snippet because it contains
the variable. The problem here is a management one; you’ll be wondering why
that snippet displayed in the output when you thought you’d excluded it. Keep careful
track of how your snippets, variables, and conditions interact.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>If you have numerous snippets and need to modify
one, it can be hard to pick out the right one. The shortcut is to find one
instance of the snippet, right-click on it, and select Open Link. This immediately
opens the correct snippet file, saving you the trouble of hunting for it.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Snippets can solve one limitation of variables.
What if you want to end a step in a procedure by telling the users to “Press
Enter.” You might create a variable called actionstep, for example, whose value
is “Press Enter”. But what if you want the action step’s value to be “Press the
Enter icon” followed by the actual Enter key icon. A variable is text, so that
won’t work. However, you could create a snippet called actionstep that contains
both the text and the icon.</li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As with conditions, common problems with placeholders are in
design and management. We often give placeholders names that are not clear. The
result? Other authors using the same set of variables or snippets won’t find
what they’re looking for and wind up creating duplicates, which complicates project
management. A related problem lies in not documenting the rules and logic to
use if an author really does need to create a new variable or snippet. As with
conditions, when you leave and a new author comes on the project, they may send
the project off the rails because the lack of documentation makes it easy to
make mistakes.<br />
<br />
That’s it for placeholders. Next up – Flare Project Import, one of Flare’s coolest
and least-known features.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com24tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-49235191832127153112019-08-27T15:04:00.000-04:002019-08-27T15:04:04.830-04:00Single Sourcing with MadCap Flare – Part 2 - Conditions<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
In post 1, I said that you can create one source of content and
use it for multiple outputs, or select a sub-set of the content for each
output. This is one of the foundation concepts of single-sourcing.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let’s say that you create a sales procedure manual for use in
the US and Canada. Some of the material applies only to the US, some applies only
to Canada, and some applies to both. You could generate one manual that
contains all the material and tell US users to ignore material that applies only
to Canada and vice versa. A better solution is to extract the common material
and the US material to create the US manual, and the common material and the
Canadian material to create the separate Canadian manual.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This capability is driven by conditionality, one of the core
features of single-sourcing.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Conditionality<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To repeat my initial description from the first post,
conditions are essentially categories. To repeat the US/Canada example above –
let’s say you have to create a sales procedure manual for use in the US and
Canada. Some of the material applies only to the US, some applies only to
Canada, and some applies to both. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Conditionality lets you define categories of “US only” and
“Canada only”. (Material common to both, or all, categories is always used so
it’s not conditionalized.) When you generate the US output, you’d tell Flare to
exclude any content categorized as “Canada only”. The output would contain the
common material plus the US material but not the Canadian material. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
You can apply multiple conditions to material. For example, say
that the sales procedure manuals will not only include material specific to the
US and the Canada but also slightly different material in the online and print
versions. So, to create the online sales manual for the US, after applying appropriate
conditions to the appropriate material, you’d tell Flare to exclude any
material categorized as “Canada only” and any material categorized as “print
only”. The resulting output would contain the common material plus the US
material and online material but not the Canadian or print material.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In addition to controlling the behavior of topics, conditions
can have wider effects. For example, say that you create a general table of
contents that lists topics A, B, and C. The actual topic C is conditionalized
as “Canada only”. When you tell Flare to exclude “Canada only” material when
generating the US output, it excludes the topic and automatically removes it
from the table of contents as well. And if topic A has a hyperlink that points
to topic C, Flare automatically turns that hyperlink into regular text in order
to avoid a broken link.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Conditions are very flexible. You can apply one or more of
them to a topic or multiple topics and to any content within a topic, as finely
as a single character. You can also apply them to any other project element –
images, master pages, stylesheets, and even to other conditions. (Although I’d
have serious reservations about doing that in real project.) This flexibility makes
them very powerful but also requires that they be used and managed carefully. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The two problems that I most often see with conditions aren’t
technical but rather ones of management and design. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>The first problem lies in not documenting the
logic behind the conditions clearly or at all. When the initial author leaves and
a new author comes on the project, they may send the project off the rails
because the lack of documentation makes it easy to make mistakes when applying
or invoking conditions.<br /></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">The second problem is the rapid growth of
permutations as you add conditions to a project. With one condition, for
example, there are only two permutations – include or exclude. With two
conditions, however, there are four permutations – include/include,
include/exclude, exclude/include, and exclude/exclude. With three conditions,
eight permutations. And so on. It’s easy to get confused when to include or
exclude multiple conditions in combination. And it’s easy to get confused as to
when to apply them at all. The solution ties back to that for the first problem
– document the logic behind when to apply conditions in a project and when to include
or exclude different conditions in what combinations.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
When might you use conditions in a project?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>Some uses are obvious – If you have to categorize
material in a project as applying to the US or Canada, for example. A similar
example would be to categorize material as applying to system administrators,
professional users, or clerical users. When generating output for clerical
users, you’d then exclude material conditionalized as “system administrator
only” and “professional users only”.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Another use is to document a project for new
authors to reference or current authors to get up to speed after being off the
project for a while. You can document a project in a separate Word document,
for example, but that might get lost. A better approach is to document the
project in topics that are part of the project and with authors notes inserted
in specific topics. But you don’t want users to see this material, so you
create an “author’s notes” condition, apply it to the topics and the in-topic notes,
and then exclude that material when generating the output.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Another use is to control which topics are made
available to the reviewers. You could include all the material in the output
and add instructions telling the reviewers to ignore topic 10 because it’s not
finished. The problem is that some reviewers may not read the instructions,
review topic 10, and give you scathing feedback about how topic 10 isn’t
finished. You can avoid this by creating a condition called “not ready for
review”, applying it to topic 10, and excluding the “not ready for review”
condition on output.</li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
That’s it for conditions. Next up – placeholders (aka
variables and snippets).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-58917524675191278382019-08-26T07:05:00.000-04:002019-08-26T07:05:03.170-04:00GUI Information 4.0 Tools: A Proposed Feature Set – Comments – Final Version<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This article first appeared in the Autumn 2019 issue of the
ISTC Communicator.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In my article about a proposed feature set for GUI
Information 4.0 authoring tools in the Summer 2019 issue of Communicator, I
requested comments and feedback on the subject. I present those comments in
this follow-up article as I received them, with no editing except to shorten a
few threads due to space limitations. The comments appear below. I prefaced
each comment, or set of comments, with the author’s name and Twitter handle in
bold. (If the comments seem very disorganized, remember that this is a tweet-stream.)
I also added a few comments of my own in response to a phone conversation with
one of the commenters. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here, with no further discussion, are the comments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Comments<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cruce Saunders
@mrcruce<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What should
next-generation authoring look like now that we have 1,000s of permutations of
media, content-types, browsers, channels, contexts, & formats? A difficult
& valiant question to try to answer! Added some thoughts to a recent
article. A thread for further comment.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #E6ECF0 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">Authoring
rarely ever happened consistently in one GUI, even for small companies. In an
enterprise, authoring is the single most diverse environment within content
lifecycle process and technology. Content can be acquired in dozens of ways in
a single department!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">We
should never assume an ability to conform large populations to a single GUI
authoring platform. What typically happens in such enforcement scenarios:
“cheating”. No GUI, especially one that wants to be so feature-rich, ever meets
everyone’s needs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">So
content gets built elsewhere and then PASTED into the GUI (often by someone
else), where gets further manipulated. And one hopes, enriched with metadata.
Or, publishing systems just get built around the GUI for various authoring
groups that decide not to use it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">And
the well-intentioned standard authoring regime falls into a chaotic mess of
manual content transforms with no accountability or traceability. Most
enterprises today live in some form of this mess.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">Even
when some smaller silos create some most consistent coherence (e.g. </span><span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/techcomm?src=hash"><span lang="EN" style="color: #1da1f2; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">#techcomm</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">), none of the related content sets are compatible. The
answer, [A] believes, lies in aligning structural & semantic standard
patterns across disparate authoring, management, & publishing systems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">All
that being said, we do need to advance the state of GUI authoring. Vendors are
working on this in product roadmaps. The biggest area of interest to me is
essentially today’s attempts at “What You See Is Semantically-Markup Up
Content”.<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">GUIs
that *as the author types* suggest semantic associations derived from an
organizationally-standardized taxonomy or ontology provider. This is effortless
and invisible...machine-prompted, author-empowering.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">The
same sort of in-context editing, coupled with machine intelligence, can also
help to prompt additional annotation useful for content targeting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">Another
area of interest are GUIs in which a “sidecar” toolbar powered by artificial
intelligence provides authors with in-context structured snippets for reuse and
inclusion, based on the content of the material being authored.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">Or,
the sidecar suggests portions of text that might be reused by others. And
providers authors the ability to apply metadata or discussions to individual
snippets, or molecules, of content. Of course, these sidecar tools can be made
to perform MANY other functions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">In
my view, any vendor authoring product, and any related interface, needs to
embrace schema application & portability to matter long-term. Companies
desperately need to be able to move content around. But this is not possible
without schema alignment across systems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">And
that is impossible without authoring interfaces that incorporate a structural
schema. I’d like to see more friendly blank-canvas interfaces (‘Word-like’)
that incorporate an ability apply and manage schema-driven templates, beyond
just standardizing styles.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">We
can see many attempts at schema-based GUI authoring, especially in the plugin
market, where Word-to-DITA has been something pursued for some years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">One
of the biggest areas of need, and most challenging, is the development of
graphical user interfaces that support multiple variations of the same content
within a single authoring process.<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">Personalization
based on user type and state, and device or environment states, is something
that many authoring processes need. And as we feed our customer experiences
with ever-more contextual data, authoring for human or machine-meditated
variation becomes essential.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">The
good news is this has also been pursued for some years, and the heuristics have
been explored in multiple production environments — mostly in Customer
Experience Management </span><span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/cem?src=hash"><span lang="EN" style="color: #1da1f2; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">#cem</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;"> platforms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">But
there's plenty of room for innovation here, because "variation
authoring" interfaces have not yet been perfected or mass-adopted. It's
still a blue ocean space and vendors can distinguish themselves here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN">There’s more to
say, and much more to discuss, but the future of authoring is a very deep
rabbit hole. And a worthy exploration. Take a look at more ideas from Neil
Perlin (</span><a href="https://twitter.com/NeilEric"><span lang="EN" style="color: #1da1f2; line-height: 107%;">@NeilEric</span></a><span lang="EN">) in </span><a href="https://twitter.com/ISTC_org"><span lang="EN" style="color: #1da1f2; line-height: 107%;">@ISTC_org</span></a><span lang="EN"> Communicator or via the </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/info40?src=hash"><span lang="EN" style="color: #1da1f2; line-height: 107%;">#info40</span></a><span lang="EN"> blog post.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F5F8FA; line-height: 0%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: middle;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">James Mathewson @Mathewson_CS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The challenge is
context. Content is only meaningful to the degree that it is relevant in
context. How do you build an authoring system that helps writers grasp digital
contextual cues and write relevant content using those cues? Modular content
grows this problem exponentially.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Scott Abel
@scottabel<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: #F5F8FA; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Maybe our efforts would be better spent getting corporate
leaders (those afraid of being displaced by disruptive innovators) to
understand the need to become information-enabled. Authoring tools are created
(and updated) in response to demand. The demand is simply not there — yet.</span><span style="background: #F5F8FA;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: #F5F8FA; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: #F5F8FA; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Neil Perlin (in response to Scott Abel’s point above)</span><span style="background: #F5F8FA;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A fair point.
However, in the early days of help and the web, GUI tool development went on -
often in odd or even wrong directions - even as the technology was spreading.
Better IMO to become information enabled AND create the tools for doing so at
the same time.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Cruce Saunders
<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F5F8FA; line-height: 0%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="color: #14171a;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The sea change is
coming. Both customers and vendors are driving the evolution. One hand washes
the other. Celebrate the innovators, wherever they sit.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mike Atherton
@MikeAtherton<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></b></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">+1 for context and structure. Something
akin to a headless CMS is a good start, but rather than a bare bones
experience, illustrative device and platform-specific templating to show
authors how their work may appear.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And more importantly,
since we're moving from a centralised publishing environment to distributed 3pp
(AMP, Instant Article, other API) then explicit support and guidance ('recipes'
if you will) from platform owners.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aaaand a new mental
model. The print analogy refuses to die and doesn't help separate content from
presentation. A better analogy might be radio waves.<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Neil Perlin (</span><span style="background: #F5F8FA; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">in response to </span></b><b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Mike Atherton’s previous point)<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I'll bite. Why radio
waves?<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Mike Atherton
(</span><span style="background: #F5F8FA; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">in
response to </span></b><b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Neil
Perlin’s point above)<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Because the
information transmitted is intangible, device-agnostic and everywhere at once.
And because the same technology can emit frequencies designed for humans and
frequencies designed for machines. I didn't say it was perfect :)</span><span style="font-family: Segoe UI, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Cruce Saunders
(</span><span style="background: #F5F8FA; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">in
response to </span></b><b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Mike
Atherton’s point above)<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">Mike's 'radio waves'
is similar to how I see content. Anything that can be available in multiple
states, places, usages at one time is very different than tangible one-time
published artifacts. It's 'information energy'. ;) But it's more durable even.
So, we do need new frames.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">Real device, type, user, context agnostic
contextual preview or simulation is a holy grail. Even think it should be
source agnostic. I actually believe there's an entire missing product category
here. Rendering simulation & collab is something more than just another
feature.<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mike Atherton<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It's not even
about being WYSIWYG 2.0 (i made that up), but what's missing from the
structured content rhetoric is solid criteria for *how and why* to make
specific structural choices. Bringing home context of use may help.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Actually
@eaton</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">I think "next-generation
authoring" has to assume that beyond highly data-driven fill-out-the-form
stuff that CMS devs have already (kind of) solved… content will end up
consisting of 1) Narratives, 2) Components, and 3) Assemblies/Aggregates…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">…And also has to assume that
workflow/responsibility for each of those modalities will require different
tooling. You talk a little about this downthread but I think there's too much
attention paid to UI and not enough to contextualied UX in the content
editing/mgmt space<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Then the big
mind-blowing piece is that a huge percentage of what we would call
"narrative" is spread across multiple pages/screens/artifacts for
final delivery. Some of the journey/experience management stuff starts touching
on that, but…<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mark Demeny
@mde_sitecore<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 0%; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #14171a;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="color: #657786;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">Great thread and summary from </span><a href="https://twitter.com/NeilEric"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">@NeilEric</span></a><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> as well. It's a hard one to resolve
(esp. over Twitter). Even putting aside the harder questions of content
lifecycle, reuse, transformations for specific channels, etc. you get into
questions of appropriate tools and interfaces very early.</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <span lang="EN"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You'll often hear
"I wish my simple to use CMS was better at structured/headless
content" similarly, you'll hear the opposite complaint of vendors that
have a bias toward structured content but sacrifice page layout or authoring
experience.</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #E6ECF0 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif;">As I see it, there are 3 fundamental
conflicts with content lifecycle; - Distributed vs. Centralized (with tools,
author roles, team, geo etc.) - Structured vs. channel-specific - Creation
agility vs. reuse (via better findability, analytics, etc. - more lean to the
former)<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And
personalized/contextual content is a problem *layered across all of these*. It
could be that a specific region, or an analytics team is responsible for acting
on that - so I see that as not a distinct problem, but related to and
complicated by the existing conflicts.</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jan Benedictus
@JanBenedictus<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 0%; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #14171a;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="color: #657786;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Structured
Content Authoring, Component Based Authoring etc. are often mentioned - by
leaders ; but “what problem do we solve” is not articulated. We have to go from
“strategic talk” to Tangible Benefits to explain Why. Today we are at </span><a href="https://twitter.com/DrugInfoAssn"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">@DrugInfoAssn</span></a><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> to do so for Pharma </span><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dia2019?src=hash">#dia2019</a></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Ray Gallon @RayGallon</b><b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 0%; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #14171a;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="color: #657786;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="EN">Check out </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/nemetics?src=hash"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">#nemetics</span></a> <span lang="EN">as another vision close to these ideas. cc </span><a href="https://twitter.com/toughLoveforx"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">@toughLoveforx</span></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/ddrrnt"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none;">@ddrrnt</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Two Additional Points of My Own<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mark Demeny noted correctly that I gave scant coverage to
issues of governance and workflow and sign-off control.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I’ll add that I barely mentioned the effect of Information
4.0 on technical communicators. The increased technical and management complexity
may drive some of today’s practitioners out of the field. That’s been predicted
with every new technology and, to a degree, has been true but most
practitioners adapt. What’s different with Information 4.0 is that even the
base level of technical and management complexity is far higher than earlier
disruptive technologies like word-processing in the 1980s and the web and
online help in the 1990s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Summary<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The comments section may seem rambling because it largely
matches the structure of the comments and responses. But I left it that way to
show the wide range of thought about the technical, structural, management, and
even philosophical issues. Once this article appears in Communicator, I’ll add
it to the Information 4.0 Consortium blog and the Hyper/Word Services blog, and
will add more posts as I get more comments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">So, now what? Is there a next step or has this just been an
interesting discussion? That will have to be the subject of more discussion by
members of the Information 4.0 Consortium. Stay tuned.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">About the Author</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Neil is president of Hyper/Word Services (<a href="http://www.hyperword.com/">www.hyperword.com</a>) of Tewksbury, MA,
USA He has four decades of experience in
technical writing, with 34 in training, consulting, and developing for online
formats and outputs ranging from WinHelp to mobile apps and tools ranging from
RoboHelp and Doc-To-Help to Flare and ViziApps. To top things off, he has been
working in mobile since 1998 and XML since 2000, and speaking and writing about
Information 4.0 since 2017.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Neil is MadCap-certified in Flare and Mimic, Adobe-certified
for RoboHelp, and Viziapps-certified for the ViziApps Studio mobile app
development platform. He is a popular conference speaker, most recently at
MadWorld 2019 in San Diego, CA. Neil founded and managed the Bleeding Edge stem
at the STC summit and was a long-time columnist for ISTC Communicator, STC
Intercom, IEEE, and other publications.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>You can reach him at <a href="mailto:nperlin@nperlin.cnc.net">nperlin@nperlin.cnc.net</a>.<span style="color: black; layout-grid-mode: line;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-85309698860667437442019-08-21T08:22:00.003-04:002019-08-21T08:22:54.765-04:00Single Sourcing with MadCap Flare – Part 1: Overview<div class="MsoNormal">
Flare is a single-sourcing authoring tool but if you’re new
to Flare or single-sourcing in general, what that means may not be completely
clear. That’s the subject of my upcoming series of blog posts.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In this post, I’ll define “single-sourcing” and briefly list
Flare features that support it. In later posts, I’ll go into the features in
detail, focusing on their mechanics, obviously, but also on their effects on
project design. I’ll end the series by looking at how single-sourcing can
affect project <i>management</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
What is Single Sourcing?<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Single-sourcing is the creation of one source of content
that can be used in multiple outputs (or, in Flare terms, targets). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let’s say that you need to create a sales procedure manual
in online and print form. You can create two projects to do so, one for the
online and one for the print, but that has some obvious drawbacks.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>You have to write the content twice.</li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">You have to make any changes twice, once in each
project. Eventually, inevitably, you’ll make a change in one of the projects
but forget to make it in the other one.</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]-->
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]-->
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Single sourcing fixes these problems.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>You can create one source of content to use for
both outputs, or select a sub-set of the content for each output. For example,
let’s say that you have to create a sales procedure manual for use in the US
and Canada. Some of the content might apply only to the US, some might apply
only to Canada, and some might be common to both. So you can generate one
manual that contains all the content and tell the US users to ignore anything
marked as applying only to Canada and vice versa, or better yet, extract the
common content and the US content to create the US manual, and the common content
and Canadian content to create the separate Canadian manual. But no matter
which approach you take, it’s still only one source of content.</li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">You can create re-usable chunks of content and
share them in different outputs. For example, the same screen shot and
description might be used in different outputs from the same project, or even
different outputs from different projects. Rather than writing that content
multiple times, one in each project, you could write it once and re-use it and </span><i style="text-indent: -0.25in;">automatically</i><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
change it everywhere if the content changes.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
The basic concepts are that simple.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Overview of Single-Sourcing Features <o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Flare offers a bunch of features that support single-sourcing.
Here are the major ones.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>Conditions – Conditions are categories. To
repeat the US/Canada example – you have to create a sales procedure manual for
use in the US and Canada. Some of the content applies only to the US, some applies
only to Canada, and some is common to both. Conditionality lets you define “US
only” and “Canada only” categories. (Content common to both audiences is always
used, so it doesn’t have to be put in a category.) <br /><br />To create the US output, you tell Flare to exclude anything set to “Canada
only”. The output will contain the common and US content but not the Canadian content.</li>
</ul>
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>Placeholders (variables and snippets) –
Placeholders are for repeated content. For example, say you’re documenting a
new application whose pre-release code name is Longhorn. You write the word
“Longhorn” hundreds of times in the content. Then marketing changes the name to
“Vista”. You now have to search for all instances of “Longhorn” and replace them
with “Vista”. Easy – do a search and replace. But what if you misspelled
“Longhorn” several times. Search and replace won’t fix that. That’s where
placeholders come in.<br /><br />The simplest placeholder is the variable – text-only. So, in the example above,
rather than typing the product’s name constantly, you’d create a variable
called, for example, productname, and set its value to “Longhorn”. You’d then
tell Flare to insert the value of the productname variable and what seems to be
the word “Longhorn” appears in the text. When the name changes, just change the
value of the productname variable to “Vista” and Flare automatically changes
the wording everywhere that you’d inserted the variable.<br /><br />A more powerful placeholder is the snippet. Unlike variables, which are
text-only, snippets can contain anything that you’d insert in a topic,
including variables.</li>
</ul>
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>Flare Import File – Placeholders let us insert repeated
content in multiple topics (and other files – discussed later). The Flare
import file feature takes that one step further to let us share repeated
content and files in <i>multiple</i> <i>projects</i>. You designate one project
as the master and put all the shared files in it. You then create the child
“real” projects and specify that they download and use the shared content and
files from the master project. The big advantage of this feature is that child
projects maintain an active link to the master. If a shared file differs
between the master and child project, either because the owner of the master
project changed the shared file or the author of the child project changed it,
Flare will automatically download a copy of that file when the child project
author builds the output. This overwrites the version in the child project and
ensures consistency.</li>
</ul>
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>Conditionalized styles – Most projects use one
stylesheet but several Flare features can extend that. For example, you can create
two stylesheets for a project and specify that stylesheet A is to be used for
online targets and B for print. More efficient is to create one stylesheet and
allow stylistic variations in the targets by using Flare’s medium feature. Finally,
you can create one stylesheet and use the mc-conditions feature in the
Stylesheet Editor to literally turn a given style on or off for a particular target.</li>
</ul>
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>CSS variables – There may be cases where you
want to apply the same value for multiple styles, such as color. You might specify
the same color for h1, h2, and h3. However, specifying the color multiple times
makes it easy to make a mistake. You might type the wrong digit in a hex-value
color specification, for example. One solution is to specify the color in the
body style, which propagates it down to all the subsidiary styles, but this
might still be a problem since you’d have to specify the alternative colors for
h4, h5, and h6. The CSS variables feature eliminates this issue by letting you
specify the color in one variable and then call that variable for use in
different styles.</li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]-->
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
Other features could be described
as <i>supporting</i> single-sourcing, such as the Easy-Sync feature for
importing Word and Framemaker files, responsive output and responsive layout,
the Clean XHTML target and the Remove MadCap Styles feature in the Target
Editor, and others. I’ll discuss all these features in more detail in upcoming
posts.<o:p></o:p></div>
Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-56585459774593695782019-06-27T07:46:00.002-04:002019-08-26T06:53:17.256-04:00GUI Information 4.0 Tools: A Proposed Feature Set – Comments - Final VersionThis post appeared in the Autumn 2019 edition of the ISTC Communicator.<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
In my article about a proposed feature set for GUI
Information 4.0 authoring tools in the Summer 2019 issue of Communicator, I
requested comments and feedback on the subject. I present those comments in
this follow-up article as I received them, with no editing except to shorten a
few due to space limits. The comments appear below in roughly the order in
which I received them. I prefaced each comment, or set of comments, with the
author’s name and Twitter handle in bold. (If you’re struck by the seeming lack
of organization of the comments, remember that this is a tweet-stream.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I also added a few comments of my own in response to a phone
conversation with one of the commenters. Here, with no further discussion, are
the comments.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
The Comments<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Cruce Saunders
@mrcruce<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">What should
next-generation authoring look like now that we have 1,000s of permutations of
media, content-types, browsers, channels, contexts, & formats? A difficult
& valiant question to try to answer! Added some thoughts to a recent
article. A thread for further comment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Authoring
rarely ever happened consistently in one GUI, even for small companies. In an
enterprise, authoring is the single most diverse environment within content
lifecycle process and technology. Content can be acquired in dozens of ways in
a single department!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">We
should never assume an ability to conform large populations to a single GUI
authoring platform. What typically happens in such enforcement scenarios:
“cheating”. No GUI, especially one that wants to be so feature-rich, ever meets
everyone’s needs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">So
content gets built elsewhere and then PASTED into the GUI (often by someone
else), where gets further manipulated. And one hopes, enriched with metadata.
Or, publishing systems just get built around the GUI for various authoring
groups that decide not to use it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">And
the well-intentioned standard authoring regime falls into a chaotic mess of
manual content transforms with no accountability or traceability. Most
enterprises today live in some form of this mess.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Even
when some smaller silos create some most consistent coherence (e.g. </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/techcomm?src=hash"><span lang="EN" style="color: #1da1f2; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">#techcomm</span></a><span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">), none
of the related content sets are compatible. The answer, [A] believes, lies in
aligning structural & semantic standard patterns across disparate
authoring, management, & publishing systems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">All
that being said, we do need to advance the state of GUI authoring. Vendors are
working on this in product roadmaps. The biggest area of interest to me is
essentially today’s attempts at “What You See Is Semantically-Markup Up
Content”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">GUIs
that *as the author types* suggest semantic associations derived from an
organizationally-standardized taxonomy or ontology provider. This is effortless
and invisible...machine-prompted, author-empowering.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The
same sort of in-context editing, coupled with machine intelligence, can also
help to prompt additional annotation useful for content targeting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Another
area of interest are GUIs in which a “sidecar” toolbar powered by artificial
intelligence provides authors with in-context structured snippets for reuse and
inclusion, based on the content of the material being authored.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Or,
the sidecar suggests portions of text that might be reused by others. And providers
authors the ability to apply metadata or discussions to individual snippets, or
molecules, of content. Of course, these sidecar tools can be made to perform
MANY other functions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">In
my view, any vendor authoring product, and any related interface, needs to
embrace schema application & portability to matter long-term. Companies
desperately need to be able to move content around. But this is not possible
without schema alignment across systems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">And
that is impossible without authoring interfaces that incorporate a structural
schema. I’d like to see more friendly blank-canvas interfaces (‘Word-like’)
that incorporate an ability apply and manage schema-driven templates, beyond
just standardizing styles.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">We
can see many attempts at schema-based GUI authoring, especially in the plugin
market, where Word-to-DITA has been something pursued for some years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">One
of the biggest areas of need, and most challenging, is the development of
graphical user interfaces that support multiple variations of the same content
within a single authoring process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Personalization
based on user type and state, and device or environment states, is something
that many authoring processes need. And as we feed our customer experiences
with ever-more contextual data, authoring for human or machine-meditated
variation becomes essential.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The
good news is this has also been pursued for some years, and the heuristics have
been explored in multiple production environments — mostly in Customer
Experience Management </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/cem?src=hash"><span lang="EN" style="color: #1da1f2; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">#cem</span></a><span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
platforms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">But
there's plenty of room for innovation here, because "variation
authoring" interfaces have not yet been perfected or mass-adopted. It's
still a blue ocean space and vendors can distinguish themselves here.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; border: none; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; padding: 0in;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">There’s more to
say, and much more to discuss, but the future of authoring is a very deep
rabbit hole. And a worthy exploration. Take a look at more ideas from Neil
Perlin (</span><a href="https://twitter.com/NeilEric"><span lang="EN" style="color: #1da1f2; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">@NeilEric</span></a><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">) in </span><a href="https://twitter.com/ISTC_org"><span lang="EN" style="color: #1da1f2; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">@ISTC_org</span></a><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> Communicator or via the </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/info40?src=hash"><span lang="EN" style="color: #1da1f2; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">#info40</span></a><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> blog post here: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F5F8FA; line-height: 0%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: middle;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>James Mathewson @Mathewson_CS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">The challenge is
context. Content is only meaningful to the degree that it is relevant in
context. How do you build an authoring system that helps writers grasp digital
contextual cues and write relevant content using those cues? Modular content
grows this problem exponentially.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Scott Abel
@scottabel<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: #F5F8FA;">Maybe our efforts would be
better spent getting corporate leaders (those afraid of being displaced by
disruptive innovators) to understand the need to become information-enabled.
Authoring tools are created (and updated) in response to demand. The demand is
simply not there — yet<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: #F5F8FA;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="background: #F5F8FA;">Neil Perlin (in response
to Scott Abel’s point above)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="background: #F5F8FA;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">A fair point.
However, in the early days of help and the web, GUI tool development went on -
often in odd or even wrong directions - even as the technology was spreading.
Better IMO to become information enabled AND create the tools for doing so at
the same time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Cruce Saunders
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F5F8FA; line-height: 0%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: middle;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">The sea change is
coming. Both customers and vendors are driving the evolution. One hand washes
the other. Celebrate the innovators, wherever they sit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Mike Atherton
@MikeAtherton<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">+1 for context and structure. Something
akin to a headless CMS is a good start, but rather than a bare bones
experience, illustrative device and platform-specific templating to show
authors how their work may appear.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">And more importantly,
since we're moving from a centralised publishing environment to distributed 3pp
(AMP, Instant Article, other API) then explicit support and guidance ('recipes'
if you will) from platform owners.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Aaaand a new mental
model. The print analogy refuses to die and doesn't help separate content from
presentation. A better analogy might be radio waves.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Neil Perlin (</span><span style="background: #F5F8FA;">in response to </span></b><b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Mike Atherton’s previous point)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">I'll bite. Why radio
waves?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Mike Atherton
(</span><span style="background: #F5F8FA;">in response to </span></b><b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Neil Perlin’s point above)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Because the
information transmitted is intangible, device-agnostic and everywhere at once.
And because the same technology can emit frequencies designed for humans and
frequencies designed for machines. I didn't say it was perfect :)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Cruce Saunders
(</span><span style="background: #F5F8FA;">in response to </span></b><b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Mike Atherton’s point above)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="background: white; line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Mike's 'radio waves'
is similar to how I see content. Anything that can be available in multiple
states, places, usages at one time is very different than tangible one-time
published artifacts. It's 'information energy'. ;) But it's more durable even.
So, we do need new frames.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Real device, type, user, context agnostic
contextual preview or simulation is a holy grail. Even think it should be
source agnostic. I actually believe there's an entire missing product category
here. Rendering simulation & collab is something more than just another
feature.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Mike Atherton<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">It's not even
about being WYSIWYG 2.0 (i made that up), but what's missing from the
structured content rhetoric is solid criteria for *how and why* to make
specific structural choices. Bringing home context of use may help.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Actually
@eaton<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">I think "next-generation
authoring" has to assume that beyond highly data-driven fill-out-the-form
stuff that CMS devs have already (kind of) solved… content will end up
consisting of 1) Narratives, 2) Components, and 3) Assemblies/Aggregates…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="tweettextsize" style="line-height: 15.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">…And also has to assume that
workflow/responsibility for each of those modalities will require different
tooling. You talk a little about this downthread but I think there's too much
attention paid to UI and not enough to contextualied UX in the content
editing/mgmt space<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Then the big
mind-blowing piece is that a huge percentage of what we would call
"narrative" is spread across multiple pages/screens/artifacts for
final delivery. Some of the journey/experience management stuff starts touching
on that, but…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Mark Demeny
@mde_sitecore<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="color: #657786; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white;">Great thread and summary from
</span><a href="https://twitter.com/NeilEric"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">@NeilEric</span></a><span style="background: white;"> as well. It's a hard one to resolve (esp. over
Twitter). Even putting aside the harder questions of content lifecycle, reuse,
transformations for specific channels, etc. you get into questions of
appropriate tools and interfaces very early.</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> <span lang="EN"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">You'll often hear
"I wish my simple to use CMS was better at structured/headless
content" similarly, you'll hear the opposite complaint of vendors that
have a bias toward structured content but sacrifice page layout or authoring
experience.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; border-bottom: solid #E6ECF0 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #E6ECF0 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;">
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<span lang="EN" style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">As I see it, there are 3 fundamental
conflicts with content lifecycle; - Distributed vs. Centralized (with tools,
author roles, team, geo etc.) - Structured vs. channel-specific - Creation
agility vs. reuse (via better findability, analytics, etc. - more lean to the
former)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">And personalized/contextual
content is a problem *layered across all of these*. It could be that a specific
region, or an analytics team is responsible for acting on that - so I see that
as not a distinct problem, but related to and complicated by the existing conflicts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Jan Benedictus
@JanBenedictus<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="color: #657786; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Structured
Content Authoring, Component Based Authoring etc. are often mentioned - by
leaders ; but “what problem do we solve” is not articulated. We have to go from
“strategic talk” to Tangible Benefits to explain Why. Today we are at </span><a href="https://twitter.com/DrugInfoAssn"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">@DrugInfoAssn</span></a><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> to do so for Pharma </span><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/dia2019?src=hash">#dia2019</a></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Ray Gallon @RayGallon</b><b><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: #14171a; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="color: #657786; font-family: "segoe ui" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Check out </span><a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/nemetics?src=hash"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">#nemetics</span></a> <span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">as another vision close to these ideas. cc </span><a href="https://twitter.com/toughLoveforx"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">@toughLoveforx</span></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/ddrrnt"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">@ddrrnt</span></a><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h2>
Two Additional Points of My Own<o:p></o:p></h2>
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Mark Demeny noted correctly that I gave scant coverage to
issues of governance and workflow and sign-off control.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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I’ll add that I barely mentioned the effect of Information
4.0 on technical communicators. The increased technical and management complexity
may drive some of today’s practitioners out of the field. That’s been predicted
with every new technology and, to a degree, is true but most practitioners
adapt. What’s different with Information 4.0 is that even the base level of
technical and management complexity is far higher than earlier disruptive
technologies like word-processing in the 1980s and the web and online help in
the 1990s.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Summary<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The comments section may seem rambling because it largely
matches the structure of the comments and responses. But I left it that way to
show the wide range of thought about the technical, structural, management, and
even philosophical issues. Once this article appears in Communicator, I’ll add
it to the Information 4.0 Consortium blog and the Hyper/Word Services blog, and
will add more posts as I get more comments.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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So, now what? Is there a next step or has this just been an
interesting discussion? That will have to be the subject of more discussion by
members of the Information 4.0 Consortium. Stay tuned.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h1>
About the Author<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Neil is president of Hyper/Word Services (<a href="http://www.hyperword.com/">www.hyperword.com</a>) of Tewksbury, MA,
USA<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has four decades of experience in
technical writing, with 34 in training, consulting, and developing for online
formats and outputs ranging from WinHelp to mobile apps and tools ranging from
RoboHelp and Doc-To-Help to Flare and ViziApps. To top things off, he has been
working in mobile since 1998 and XML since 2000, speaking and writing about
Information 4.0 since 2017, and is a member of the Information 4.0 Board.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Neil is MadCap-certified in Flare and Mimic, Adobe-certified
for RoboHelp, and Viziapps-certified for the ViziApps Studio mobile app
development platform. He is a popular conference speaker, most recently at
MadWorld 2019 in San Diego, CA. Neil founded and managed the Bleeding Edge stem
at the STC summit and was a long-time columnist for ISTC Communicator, STC
Intercom, IEEE, and other publications.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>You can reach him at <a href="mailto:nperlin@nperlin.cnc.net">nperlin@nperlin.cnc.net</a>.<span style="color: black; layout-grid-mode: line;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-81757179447659266202019-04-11T12:47:00.000-04:002019-04-11T12:47:20.068-04:00<br />
<h2>
Creating Micro Content in MadCap Flare? What to Keep in Mind<o:p></o:p></h2>
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At one time, the topic was the smallest unit of content that
you could present to your users. But even a short topic might be too long.
Users might just want the phone number for tech support or the setting for a
field without having to read an entire topic to find that information. The solution,
now available in the latest release of MadCap Flare – micro content.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Wikipedia defines micro content in several ways, one of
which is “other small information chunks that can stand alone or be used in a
variety of contexts, including instant messages, blog posts, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS" title="RSS"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">RSS</span></a> feeds, and
abstracts.” MadCap defines it as “text, imagery and/or video content that can
be consumed in 10-30 seconds”, i.e. short, concise answers to user questions.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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For example, users often look for a phone number for
technical support. Rather than search for “tech support” and skim through the list
of results, micro content allows users to search for “tech support” and quickly
find the phone number, which appears at the top of the results. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjUf7osYg4Edcomb9-McT0dPt3105dm7TrPsW_KcGig492ygxjVLNEcJGyoRak6vzwPFB9TIk06rkksEkfmeu4G8TiAp_crBqpzmHR-HyJrHaLBib4X5wkN-BWKte_vH6Ux5jgUwphVsY/s1600/Microcontent+Example+-+Tech+Support.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="609" data-original-width="816" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjUf7osYg4Edcomb9-McT0dPt3105dm7TrPsW_KcGig492ygxjVLNEcJGyoRak6vzwPFB9TIk06rkksEkfmeu4G8TiAp_crBqpzmHR-HyJrHaLBib4X5wkN-BWKte_vH6Ux5jgUwphVsY/s320/Microcontent+Example+-+Tech+Support.bmp" width="320" /></a></div>
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Or say users are looking for a specific piece of information
in a larger topic, like the number of eggs needed for a cake. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfUlmHsGehXemxLy8frs_NFEEkZhIgMC-jdyPfpfSYuCkjAsQiSeZqmDJztsFVtdYdf5PfTkRW5Q77od_1E4iGb7wMktLepe-a03nPjDEh27wgeJ5Y5tyfZeNlxKNVNXTw0fVuV9SLNQ4/s1600/Microcontent+Example+-+Recipe.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="609" data-original-width="816" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfUlmHsGehXemxLy8frs_NFEEkZhIgMC-jdyPfpfSYuCkjAsQiSeZqmDJztsFVtdYdf5PfTkRW5Q77od_1E4iGb7wMktLepe-a03nPjDEh27wgeJ5Y5tyfZeNlxKNVNXTw0fVuV9SLNQ4/s320/Microcontent+Example+-+Recipe.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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In each case, the result, in the form of micro content, displays
first on the list. The result isn’t limited to a single line of information. For
example, a Google search for “healthy tomato soup recipe” produces the
following:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-IttE8xDDOcx8EzmQhlaZRdwY9WQVc_Kb9k-6eBkxkCKsTWLc0WT8_yyUrmFeX0J6p6szdX3tcGJOy0ZzfxcD5UNP1O7dPD6r1cf6vRzttJiW2qrRAOatrs9bT9lPVzRwFHF_w-HuUpI/s1600/Microcontent+Example+-+Healthy+Tomato+Soup+Recipe+per+Google+Example.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="876" data-original-width="1456" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-IttE8xDDOcx8EzmQhlaZRdwY9WQVc_Kb9k-6eBkxkCKsTWLc0WT8_yyUrmFeX0J6p6szdX3tcGJOy0ZzfxcD5UNP1O7dPD6r1cf6vRzttJiW2qrRAOatrs9bT9lPVzRwFHF_w-HuUpI/s320/Microcontent+Example+-+Healthy+Tomato+Soup+Recipe+per+Google+Example.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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Here, the micro content consists of the entire recipe.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Micro content offers a big potential benefit to the users –
it saves them <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>time and aggravation when
they’re looking for the answer to a question.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Plus, micro content offers several big benefits to Flare
authors. It lets them segment and present information in the most immediately
useful chunks, and do so quickly and easily by using Flare’s features.</div>
<h2>
Micro Content Implementation in Flare<o:p></o:p></h2>
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There are several ways to create micro content. If you’ve
created snippets in Flare, some of the micro content creations options will
feel familiar.</div>
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</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Create the phrases and responses totally from scratch using the Micro Content Editor. Select File > New > Micro Content. The editor displays, as shown below.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9AqCxBhP4Qsl4z-u0mwlb2PQmzQDW8sf7xgEepDK28NI-spg3mjTM59Br3s1a66jq-ilNMTE0RojSy76jvrQ9rOHVYZI-wKMz0m3Dj6qYth8ZKhyphenhyphen-zS_4U6-0NxmjaaG1b5VS7IgQLz0/s1600/Microcontent+Editor.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="173" data-original-width="797" height="69" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9AqCxBhP4Qsl4z-u0mwlb2PQmzQDW8sf7xgEepDK28NI-spg3mjTM59Br3s1a66jq-ilNMTE0RojSy76jvrQ9rOHVYZI-wKMz0m3Dj6qYth8ZKhyphenhyphen-zS_4U6-0NxmjaaG1b5VS7IgQLz0/s320/Microcontent+Editor.png" width="320" /></a><br /><br />The phrase side lets you create a new phrase, add different versions of the
same phrase – e.g. “Tech support phone #” and “Support phone #”, change or
delete an existing phrase, and use variables for a phrase. The response side
offers the familiar topic creation options, such as adding a hyperlink or
cross-reference, images, variables, snippets, and special characters, and lets
you apply mediums to the response.<br /><div style="text-indent: -24px;">
<br /></div>
</span></li>
<li><div style="text-indent: -24px;">
Create the phrase in the Micro Content Editor
and link to a topic, snippet, or bookmark to serve as the response.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg15-iDL6PtTMCTwTKBOSRSw2UUTIC3Jf8NLHGTNj-OxA4v6ueiSfNtALkKfSIZDI5ezMl477sMPVuJ-0cMANlkPhJ4CMnLPf_zCVnJECz3Ujf3n6-XgTenUHurLxaHxR9e3jfkBG0wXpE/s1600/Microcontent+Editor+-+Link+to+Response.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="358" data-original-width="777" height="147" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg15-iDL6PtTMCTwTKBOSRSw2UUTIC3Jf8NLHGTNj-OxA4v6ueiSfNtALkKfSIZDI5ezMl477sMPVuJ-0cMANlkPhJ4CMnLPf_zCVnJECz3Ujf3n6-XgTenUHurLxaHxR9e3jfkBG0wXpE/s320/Microcontent+Editor+-+Link+to+Response.png" width="320" /></a><br /><br /><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">You add the new phrase, click the pulldown at the far right of the phrase line,
click Add Link, and select the topic or snippet from the Select File dialog
box. The entire topic or snippet becomes the response.</span></div>
</li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Select a block of content in a topic or snippet
to serve as the response, then click Create Micro Content in the block bar or
Home ribbon to display the Create Micro Content dialog box. There, you can type
the phrase and select the mco file in which to store this phrase/response pair.
The pair then displays in the editor.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A few notes:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>The micro content files are stored in a MicroContent
folder under the Resources folder on the Content Explorer in Flare, and in a
MicroContent folder under the Output folder for your target. </li>
<li>You can control the skin format of the micro content
results by setting its properties in the TopNav and SideNav skin Styles tab. </li>
<li>Micro content is supported by the MadCap search
and Elasticsearch.</li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Micro Content Management and Design Considerations<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Micro Content Editor is neatly integrated with existing
Flare features. You can:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>Find micro content files by using the File List
feature from the View ribbon and changing the filter to MicroContent files.</li>
<li>Use the Text Analysis feature from the Tools
ribbon to check the writing of the responses.</li>
<li>Use the Reports feature from the Tools ribbon to
generate various reports about your micro content.</li>
<li>Spell check your micro content files.</li>
<li>Run Find and Replaces in your micro content
files.</li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
When adding micro content to your projects, there are
several considerations to keep in mind that affect project management and
design, and how they can be resolved: <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>Greater project complexity – Micro content is
one more aspect of a project to be managed. It’s important to document your
rules for creating micro content in the project description to be sure that
your successors understand the logic behind them. Don’t keep a project
description? It’s time to start.</li>
<li>Nature of the micro content – How do you decide
what micro content to create in the first place? It’s tempting to simply jump
into <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>creating the phrase/response pairs,
but that must be done based on user needs. These needs can be identified
through user analytics, and by reaching out to your customer support and tech
support groups. Learn what questions they hear most often and use that information
as the basis for your micro content. You’ll also have to include synonyms and
different wordings in the phrases. In a sense, creating micro content is
similar to indexing in that it’s never finished.</li>
<li>Speed of creation – The process of creating the
phrase/response pairs is slow when done manually. Start keeping track of the
time required so that you can factor that into future project planning.</li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
How can Micro Content be Used? <o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Any short chunk of information that users might specifically
search for can serve as micro content – like a miniature landing page as MadCap
calls it. And there are several other <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">potential</i>
uses of micro content, particularly in Flare:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>Chatbots – Responses from a bot should be
focused and concise, like micro content. Bots have been tremendously overhyped
but they are no doubt coming, and micro content will support them.</li>
<li>AR – The annotations used in augmented reality
applications should be focused and concise in order to use as little screen
space as possible. Again, micro content will support this.</li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
And a fourth possible use case is starting to emerge…<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li>The conversational web – Over the years, we’ve
become accustomed to the search hit lists generated by Google and other search
tools. Those work, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">if</i> we’re looking
at a screen and can scroll down the list of hits to find the one that meets our
needs. But it’s almost impossible to remember multiple hits and choose between
them without seeing them.<br /><br />The article “Alexa, I Want Answers” in the March 2019 issue of Wired posited a
search paradigm in which users want one answer, or “one-shot answers” to solve
the problem of dealing with multiple responses when you can’t see them. That
means that search optimization will have to move toward providing the best
answer, rather than the best 100,000 answers and, because voice responses have
to be short, micro content could be used to provide the voice-optimized chunks
of content.</li>
</ul>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
While there are multiple applications for micro content, the
easiest way to start using micro content is through featured search results. By
applying and exploring the feature, users can start laying the groundwork for
the chatbot and AR use cases of the future.<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></div>
<h1>
Conclusion<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Micro content is likely to have major effects on project
design, management, and the overall usability of the output. MadCap has done a
smooth and neat implementation of micro content into the larger Flare
architecture, and Flare authors should expect to be able to use it to good
effect in future projects. <br /><br /><o:p></o:p></div>
<h1>
About the Author<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Neil has 4 decades of experience in tech comm, with 34 years
in training, consulting, and development for various online formats and tools
including WinHelp, HTML Help, CE Help, JavaHelp, WebHelp, Flare, and more. Neil
is a frequent speaker at MadWorld and various professional groups and the
author of several books about Flare and mobile app development.<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Neil is MadCap certified for Flare and Mimic, ViziApps
certified for the ViziApps mobile app development platform, and certified in
other authoring tools.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He provides
training, consulting, and development for online help and documentation, Flare,
Mimic, other authoring tools, mobile apps, XML, single-sourcing, topic-based
and structured authoring, and content strategy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He can be reached at <a href="mailto:nperlin@concentric.net">nperlin@concentric.net</a>,
<a href="http://www.hyperword.com/">www.hyperword.com</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-14021684283368276152019-04-11T11:16:00.000-04:002019-04-11T11:16:44.040-04:00Position Zero – It’s a Good Thing<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
In my keynote at the Conduit conference in Philadelphia on April
6, 2019, I mentioned something called “position zero” as an aspect of SEO but
didn’t really explain what it was and why it might matter to tech comm. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Position zero”, also called a “featured snippet”, is a
relatively recent addition to a Google search results list. It shows up in the
list above the first hit – ergo “position zero”. It has a summary and a
description of the site from which it came. For example, searching for “B58
Hustler” in Google gives this result.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9ti9z8Be9OnVXluYRyGXumdR25B4C8-1WNB1oC5njSIKVGnWTXjbkI_coOzxBPgbSapHzq2mpnvZjQjNRot5AS0yGAPRIZ0uh1-okLt6jmNqL6gbMNXDkC3TQww2oLcJCvb_X_Uf1-14/s1600/B58+Hustler+Featured+Snippet.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="876" data-original-width="1456" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9ti9z8Be9OnVXluYRyGXumdR25B4C8-1WNB1oC5njSIKVGnWTXjbkI_coOzxBPgbSapHzq2mpnvZjQjNRot5AS0yGAPRIZ0uh1-okLt6jmNqL6gbMNXDkC3TQww2oLcJCvb_X_Uf1-14/s400/B58+Hustler+Featured+Snippet.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
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<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
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<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:468.75pt;height:281.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:/Users/NEILPE~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The featured snippet appears above or, here, to the right of
the first search result. It’s usually followed by a “People also search for”
list of other questions in text form or, in this case, in graphical form.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The featured snippet is determined organically. According to
“<a href="https://blog.reputationx.com/what-is-position-zero-seo"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">SEO above
position 1: What's Position Zero?</span></a>“ by Kent Campbell at <a href="https://blog.reputationx.com/what-is-position-zero-seo">https://blog.reputationx.com/what-is-position-zero-seo</a>,<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">A few
things play into which webpage's content is featured as the snippet:<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">First page results.</span></b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"> It’s necessary that your
page is on the first page of search results for your given search query.
Usually in the first five results. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Relevant information.</span></b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"> The answer you provide has
to be the right answer, and the information on the page must be relevant to the
search term overall.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">Useful formatting.</span></b></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"> If you’ve formatted your
answer like this answer is, or if you’ve got a nice table of information,
Google will be more likely to display it.</span><span style="background-color: silver;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So, what does this mean for tech comm? Until now, our
searches have been internal to the authoring tool, like Flare’s search engine,
or external, using Google, each giving the usual long list of hits. Ideally, our
material will appear within the first ten hits, more ideally near the top of
that list, but the exact position hasn’t been <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">crucial</i>. Until now…<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
We’re now moving from screen-based content toward
voice-based content. We’ll want to appear at the top of the list of search hits
because many users will go with the first hit because they won’t be able to
remember the first three, let alone the first ten. Some users might respond to
the first hit by asking the search engine for the next hit, but it will be the
rare user who goes deeper down the list. So, the old rule of thumb that any
item outside the first ten hits won’t be seen is changing. Now, any item outside
the first one, possibly two, won’t be seen. That’s going to affect how we apply
SEO to our content. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I expect to see conference presentations later this year or
in 2020 on what’s required to reach position zero. Look for a blog post on the
subject here in the next few months.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-69624278900927837912019-03-11T07:46:00.000-04:002019-03-11T07:46:02.069-04:00A Comment About My MadCap Flare Links Webinar<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
I gave a webinar on Flare link types for MadCap on Thursday, March 7, and got the comment below from <span style="color: #404040; font-size: 14.6667px;">Jane Brewster, Information Architect for the White Clarke Group in the UK. I appreciate comments like this because my theory is that there's always someone out there who's tried something that I have not and the best thing to do is to learn from them.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #404040; font-size: 14.6667px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="color: #404040; font-size: 14.6667px;">With that, here's Jane's comment:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">I thought you might like to know another pro for using togglers rather than hotspots, particularly applicable if you single-source for HTML5 and PDF.<span lang="EN-US"> I initially used dropdowns but was very pleased to discover togglers and how flexible they allowed me to be with formatting.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">In the PDF target I want our toggler or dropdown hotspot to be a sub-heading that sits correctly within the hierarchy, so it might be h2, h3 or h4 depending on where the topic sits in the TOC hierarchy. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">However <span lang="EN-US">dropdowns don’t allow the hotspot to dynamically change style if the topic sits at a different level in the output – the style is static (unless I’ve missed something obvious of course!).</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><span lang="EN-US">To get around this </span>I <span lang="EN-US">use a toggler link conditioned for the HTML5 target followed by a heading conditioned for the pdf target (usually h2 as our topics all have h1 as the main heading). That way in the PDF if the topic is at the top level the toggler heading is H2, but if the topic is at the next level down the toggler heading is automatically h3, and so on.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">Moving on to XRefs, I agree with not listing them all at the beginning or end of the topic. However I like to use them slightly differently to the way you describe. Having worked previously with online and PDF help that had to be AAA compliant (so suitable for any differently abled user, possibly using a screen reader), I’m aware that just putting a link in the middle of a sentence isn’t always appropriate (particularly for screenreaders), so I put them at the end as a more explicitly worded reference.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">For example, instead of:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><i>I really like using <a href="https://www.madcapsoftware.com/products/flare/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: #954f72;" target="_blank">Madcap Flare</a> because it’s a very flexible authoring tool.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">I use:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><i>I really like using <b>Madcap Flare</b> because it’s a very flexible authoring tool, see <a href="https://www.madcapsoftware.com/products/flare/" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="color: #954f72;" target="_blank">Madcap Flare</a>.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">The PDF output is in the format:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;"><i>I really like using <b>Madcap Flare</b> because it’s a very flexible authoring tool, see <span style="color: #2f5597;">Madcap Flare (on page 3)</span>.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: #eeeeee;">I’ve used hyperlinks in this example but they would be XRefs in Flare. This phrasing also gets around the problems caused when you want to use an XRef to a topic with a title that doesn’t make sense in the context of the sentence you’re linking from (not a problem with hyperlinks of course!) so you can be a bit more flexible with topic titles.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com47tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-8484371270262722662018-12-14T07:46:00.001-05:002018-12-14T07:46:48.712-05:00“RoboCop” and “HLMT” Redux? Don’t Repeat Old Mistakes<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
If you have any experience in technical communication,
you’ve seen, and even made, mistakes. Maybe it was the wrong technology or
authoring tool. Maybe it was a project definition that took the wrong path. Such
mistakes aren’t surprising; we work in a complex and rapidly changing field. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Many of these mistakes are silly <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in retrospect</i>. But silly mistakes can also have big repercussions. And
the worst thing is to make the same mistake twice. This might seem unlikely but
staff turnover erases the “corporate memory”. We don’t learn from our mistakes.
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This article describes various mistakes that I’ve been
called to consult on, and lessons to be learned from them as we move toward
Information 4.0 or whatever the future will be called. Some of the lessons will
seem obvious. Others may not be until they’re pointed out.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The mistakes that I describe may make the clients seem
incompetent; nothing could be further from the truth. (I would trust the
hospital staff to take out my appendix; I just wouldn’t trust them to insert an
image into a Word document.) The problem was simply that the clients were
moving rapidly into new and usually unfamiliar waters. As they so often are
today…<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Misunderstanding the Terminology<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Some of the most memorable mistakes come from
misunderstanding the terminology behind a project. What’s the difference
between a “staging server” and a “production server”, for example?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Me: “What browser do you use?”<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client: “What’s a browser?”<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Me: “How do you access the company’s intranet?”<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client: “We click that blue “e” icon in Windows. Do you know what that
is?”<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A forward-thinking client asked me to put some documentation
online and move it to an intranet. There were major differences between
browsers at that time so it was reasonable to ask what browser they used. The
conversation above is almost a word-for-word summary of my discussion with
them.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The problem was that the concept of the internet was so new
that few people understood the terminology. This was in 1997.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client: “What is HLMT anyway?” <o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A client turned to me during a meeting and asked what “HLMT”
was. I said I didn’t know. He said he was surprised because it had to do with
the web so he assumed I’d know. The light dawned and I said that it was
actually “HTML”, the code basis for the web. The client thanked me. This was in
2000.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client: “Cut and paste? Yes, of course. We use scissors and
double-faced tape.” <o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A client wrote procedure documents in Word, leaving white
space for images. They would then copy the images out of medical textbooks, cut
them to fit the white space, and paste them in with double-faced tape after
printing the documents. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The problem was that the client was interpreting “cut and
paste” in everyday terms, rather than in PC terms. (Never mind the innumerable
copyright violations.) This was in 2003.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The lesson</b> –
Misunderstanding the basic terminology or trying to apply analogies from
everyday life like cut and paste wasn’t surprising in the late 1990s. Twenty
years later, such misunderstandings still occur because the terminology is
still often new and confusing. (“What’s ‘mobile’?”) <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
All direct <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and</i>
indirect participants in a project have to understand at least the basic terminology
in order to avoid talking past each other. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Never
assume that everybody is speaking the same language.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Misunderstanding the Technology<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Equally memorable mistakes come from misunderstanding the
technology behind a project.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client: “WebHelp vs. Web Help” <o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A company got confused between WebHelp and Web Help. A
staffer then wrote an RFP for a WebHelp consultant only to have the approving
manager fix what appeared to be an obvious typo and change “WebHelp” to Web
Help”. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The problem was that the two formats were totally different.
It took several days to figure out what the company was really asking for in
order to help them fix the RFP.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(To this
day, I always refer to WebHelp as “WebHelp one word” because of that incident.)
This was in 1998.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client: “HTML Help vs. HTML help”<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A company got confused over HTML Help vs. HTML help. The
company used a help authoring tool called ForeHelp to create the online help
project and expected to get the “tri-pane window” in the output. For some
reason, it didn’t work. The software vendor’s normally excellent support people
couldn’t figure out what the problem was. This went on for ten months.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The problem was that when the author called support and
reported the problem creating the tri-pane in HTML “help”, the support reps
heard HTML “Help” and asked if the author had compiled. The author didn’t understand
what “compiled” meant, assumed that it meant to create the project, and said
yes. At that point, the support reps were at a loss. The solution took two
mouse clicks, one to compile and one to view the result. This was in 1999.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client(s): “We’re going mobile!”<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A company’s three divisions decided to go mobile but never
defined what “mobile” meant. Each division therefore went mobile in a different
way, based on its understanding of “mobile”. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The problem was that the term “mobile” is too vague. It
could refer to an app, a PDF file, or responsive output from a help authoring
tool. And, in fact, the three divisions used those three definitions. This made
it impossible to coordinate an enterprise-wide mobile effort and caused
political problems because no division wanted to abandon its effort in favor of
another division’s. This was in 2017.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The lesson</b> –
Misunderstanding the technology, like misunderstanding the terminology, wasn’t unusual
in the late 1990s when everything was new and confusing. Companies often failed
to recognize <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">how</i> confusing the
technologies could be. The same holds true today, just for different
technologies. (What’s a “bot”?) But misunderstanding the technology can lead to
buying the wrong authoring tools, buying the right tools and using them the
wrong way, hiring the wrong writers, or all three.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
All direct <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and</i>
indirect participants in a project have to understand at least the basics of
the technology in order to avoid talking past each other. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Never assume that everybody is speaking the same language. </i>(It’s a
good idea to hold some education sessions for all the participants. Some will
get annoyed at what seems like a waste of time, but I tell clients that it’s
better to have people mildly annoyed at an apparent waste of time than to have
them really annoyed when the project goes awry.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Misunderstanding the Workflow <o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Misunderstanding the terminology and technologies can lead
to inefficient or just bad workflows.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client: “Cut and paste? Yes, of course. We use scissors and
double-faced tape.” <o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The same issue as described earlier.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The problem was that the misunderstanding of the terminology
lead the client to create an incredibly inefficient workflow. Again, this was
in 2003.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client: “We use "authoring tool X". We were never trained
on it so we use instructions that were written by a former member of the doc
group.”<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is common. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The problem is that the workflow may have changed since the original
author wrote the instructions. The tool probably has. And the original author
may have made mistakes in the instructions that have been passed on between
generations of authors. The result is that the project’s foundation is becoming
increasingly unstable. This was in any year ranging from 1995 to today.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client: “We create online and print outputs from our help authoring
tool so we create two stylesheets, one for the online and one for the print.”<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is also common. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The problem is that the authoring tool may have features
that can streamline this workflow such as the ability to create one stylesheet
with two mediums, one for online and one for print. But the writers must be
familiar with the tool or trained on it to know that these features exist. This was in any year ranging from 1995 to today.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client: “We were wondering what those ‘styles’ things were.”<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Writers for a real estate company used Word to write their
company’s procedure manual, each writing a different section. The writers
didn’t use styles. Instead, they did local formatting. They were sharp enough
to realize the need for consistency and developed a set of formatting standards.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The problem was that they invariably deviated from those
standards. When it was time to combine each writer’s output to create the final
manual, they had an enormous amount of cleanup to do to make the formatting
consistent. This was in 2011.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The lesson</b> – Misunderstanding
terminology or tool features often leads to inefficient or just plain wrong
workflows that require work-arounds. In the past we had the time to fix the problems
or do the work-arounds, often by hand, because the time-to-market requirements
for our documentation were looser than they are today. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Today, as content becomes increasingly important to your company,
making the workflow efficient and effective is becoming crucial.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Justification to Management<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Mistakes in justifying buying new software and training
employees to use it can be harmless, or they can lead a company down the wrong
path.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client: “My daughter came home from college and said ‘Dad! The company has
to start creating online help!’ and I said ‘Okay!’” <o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A manufacturing company division manager put his division on
the road to online documentation based on that statement from his daughter who
was home from college. There was so little guidance in the old days that the
manager could tell his IT manager (tellingly, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not</i></b> the documentation
manager) to buy whatever tool seemed appropriate, with no needs assessment or
tool evaluation. That was justification to management in a simpler era, 1996.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client: “We have an HTML tool that we adopted in 1999 and it seems to
be working fine except for a few minor problems.”<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A federal agency had gone online in 1999 and found the
experience so difficult that they didn’t want to repeat it. But the old tool
was no longer supported and no longer followed modern coding practice – it was
a dead end. The only solution was to buy a modern authoring tool and convert thousands
of pages from the old HTML-ish format to XHTML. It was going to be a very tough
job but management didn’t want to change, instead telling the writers to create
work-arounds to the problems. That was in 2015.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The lesson</b> –
Justifying the cost of a new technology or tool was easy when documentation
wasn’t taken seriously. But documentation/content today must increasingly fit
into corporate environments and support corporate business and strategic goals
(not technical communication goals), has become more complex and expensive, and
must compete with other ideas being presented to management. Proponents need to
present and defend it on the business grounds of how it benefits the company.
Any other approach is likely to fail.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
General Silliness<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I’ll end with two mistakes that suggest just how easy it is
to go wrong.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client: “We want to use Doctor Help but we can’t find it.”<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I gave a presentation to the Boston chapter of the STC
(Society for Technical Communication) in 1993. In that presentation, I
mentioned various help authoring tools including Doc-to-Help. An attendee
called me a week later to ask where she could find “Doctor Help”. I told her
I’d never heard of it. She said that I had specifically mentioned it in the
presentation. We eventually realized that when she heard me say “Doc-to-Help”,
she assumed that I was speaking in a Boston accent (the “r” at the end of a
word is often ignored so that “park the car” comes out as “pahk the cah”) and
meant “Doctor Help”. But her company wasted several days looking for “Doctor
Help”.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">And finally…<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br /></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Client: “We want to use RoboCop!”<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A division of a manufacturing company used “Lotus Notes” to
put its documentation online. During a visit to another division, the manager saw
their online documentation, liked its format better than what Notes could
create, asked how they created it, and was told “We use Robo-something.” He
told his IT manager to switch their online documentation from “Notes” to “RoboCop”.
The IT manager spent a month searching for it before finally stumbling over “RoboHelp”.
This was in 1995.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The lesson</b> – Some
mistakes are just so odd and silly that they’re hard to defend against. But
they suggest that you check your basic assumptions carefully when you start a
project and re-check them over the duration of the project in the face of
changing technologies.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Summary<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It’s easy to summarize this article. Companies are continually
moving into new, confusing, and rapidly-changing areas that lie outside their
core competencies. Because of this, it would be surprising if a company did not
make mistakes. But as the complexity of the technology goes up and
time-to-market goes down, the cost of mistakes goes up as well. So while we’ll
never avoid making mistakes, we can at least try not to repeat the mistakes of
the past.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14.6667px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">A version of this article was originally published in ISTC Communicator, Winter 2018</span></i></div>
Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-74244079088951799132018-09-19T06:41:00.000-04:002018-09-19T06:41:32.931-04:00Is Single-Sourcing Dead or Alive – the Debate Continues<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
I recently wrote a blog post called “Is Single-Sourcing
Dead” on the Hyper/Word Services blog (<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://hyperword.blogspot.com/">http://hyperword.blogspot.com/</a></span>)
in response to a blog post by Mark Baker called “<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Time to
move to multi-sourcing” (</span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="background: white; color: #29aae1; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://everypageispageone.com/2018/04/06/time-to-move-to-multi-sourcing/"><span style="color: #29aae1;">https://everypageispageone.com/2018/04/06/time-to-move-to-multi-sourcing/</span></a></span></span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">). Baker responded with a post at </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="background: white; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://everypageispageone.com/2018/09/10/is-single-sourcing-dead/">https://everypageispageone.com/2018/09/10/is-single-sourcing-dead/</a></span></span><span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In this post, I’ll respond to what
I think are Baker’s major points. (This debate-by-blog can only go on so long
before it overwhelms both of us, so I’m going to propose a live discussion
between Baker and I at the STC Spectrum 2019 conference in Rochester, NY. We’ll
see where that idea goes.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Note:</span></b><span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> My most often-used
tool these days is MadCap Flare and many of my answers will be from that perspective.
However, I suspect that many of my answers apply to other authoring tools as
well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In some cases, Baker and I are, as
he put it at one point, “in violent agreement”. Here’s where I think we disagree.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">First, in the big picture – Baker
notes that there are problems with the current model of single-sourcing and
suggests various alternatives. I agree that there are problems but I think they
have straightforward solutions – not necessarily simple ones but
straightforward ones. I also think that today’s single-sourcing tools have so
much untapped power that it would be a mistake to discard them too early.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Now, more specifically, with Baker’s
points in red italics.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Re the single source format/single
repository issue:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red;">That single source format/single repository model has several
significant disadvantages, however. I outlined those </span></i><span class="MsoHyperlink"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><a href="https://everypageispageone.com/2018/04/06/time-to-move-to-multi-sourcing/" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">in my original post</span></a></span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red;"> on the
subject. But since the single format/repository model was used in part to
enable multi-format delivery and content reuse, does that mean that those
things are dead if we move away from the single format/repository model?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red;">In a word, no, since they can manifestly be done independent
of it. But we have to think seriously about how we do them if we don’t have a
single source format and a single repository. Going back to everyone using
their own independent desktop tools and storing the files on their own hard
drives has all sorts of well documented disadvantages, and is a non-starter if
and when you move to an integrated web strategy, semantic content, or
Information 4.0. So, if the single source/single format approach isn’t the
right one either, we have a legitimate question about how we do multi-format
publishing and content reuse going forward.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The single source format and single
repository is an ideal and, like most ideals, we’ll never quite reach it. But
we may not have to. Flare, and probably similar tools, let us create content in
the tool but also take content created in other tools in other formats, mainly
Word, and automatically import it into the tool and convert it to the tool’s format.
Authors using tools like Word do have to use it minimally correctly –styles
rather than local formatting for headings, for example – but that can often be
handled with simple training and motivation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Re the “appropriate tools” issue:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: 21.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The
solution Perlin proposes is simple: Buy the appropriate tools for everyone who
needs them.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: 21.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">But
there are a couple of problems with this, beyond the unwillingness of companies
to pony up the cash. First, these tools are unfamiliar to most of the people
who would be asked to use them and they are conceptually more complex than
Word. That introduces a training overhead and adds complexity to the writing
task every day. And if the contributors don’t use those tools full time, they
will forget most of their skills they are trained in.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: 21.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Giving
everyone more complex tools is not really a sustainable strategy, nor is it one
that is easy to sell.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My point here is not to buy everyone new, expensive, and
unfamiliar tools but instead to buy whatever tool is appropriate. In many
cases, authors already have the appropriate tool – Word – and just have to
learn how to use it minimally correctly. In other cases, companies may have to
buy real single-sourcing tools. Some companies will balk at this, saying that
they already have single-sourcing tools in-house so why buy new ones? But many
of those tools were released years ago, no longer meet code standards, and may
be minimally supported if at all. I’d argue that it’s a cost-saving in the long
run to buy a modern tool for that small number of authors in the company who
need them.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Re the training issue:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Perlin argues that many current problems with single sourcing
arise because writers are not properly trained to use the tools they have. The
solution: more training.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I’m not arguing for more training, although that’s often
helpful. Instead, I’m arguing for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">any</i>
training. Too often, authors are thrown into a new tool with no training, just some
instructions from a former author that may not apply to the current version of
the software or current output needs, and that may contain errors. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Re the inappropriate standards issue:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Templates and embedded prompts get
overwritten with content, so the structured is not retained and is not
available to guide subsequent writers and editors.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Baker is right about the risk of templates and embedded
prompts getting overwritten with content. But one feature of templates in modern
tools is that they can be added to the tool interface for re-use. That way, creating
new material does not overwrite the templates and prompts.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Re the increasing complexity issue:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Documenting all of your complexity is not a good (or simple)
solution. Documenting it does not remove it from the writer’s attention. It is
better than not documenting it, but not by much. The writer still has to deal
with it, still has to spend time and mental energy on it, and can still make
mistakes in following the complex procedures you have documented. Much of this
complexity can be factored out using the right structured writing techniques.</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Another area in which we agree overall but disagree on the
details. Some of the complexities can indeed be factored out using structured
writing but some can’t. For example, if you’ve defined fifteen different
conditions, when should you use each one? What are the rules for clearly naming
new topics, graphics, snippets, etc.? And so on. Documenting your projects
isn’t the total answer but not documenting them is an invitation to disaster. (My
book “Writing Effective Online Content Project Specifications”, available on
Amazon, discusses how to document your projects and presents many unpleasant
examples of what can happen when you don’t.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And the authorial motivation issue:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">With the best will in the world,
people can’t comply with a regime that benefits someone else rather than
themselves unless they get clear, direct, and immediate feedback, which current
tools don’t give them, because the only real feedback is the appearance of the
final outputs.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perfectly true.
That’s why, when I show a client how to use some feature that supports
single-sourcing, I always emphasize how it will help them. “Remember that white
paper you wrote that had fifty subheads formatted using Comic Sans and how you
had to change each one individually? How about if I show you how to change all
fifty at once by using these things called styles.” Authors don’t always get it
right but they’re interested <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and</i>
motivated because the solution is benefiting them and, incidentally, the
larger workflow.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .75in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: red; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Management oversight can’t ensure
compliance in the production phase of a process if it can only perceive
compliance in the finished product. Assessing the finished product every time
is too time consuming and error prone (you can miss things). And the
effectiveness of management oversight decreases exponentially the longer the
delay between when the writer writes and when the manager finds the defect.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Also perfectly true. But problems in the finished product
can usually be traced back to and solved in the production phase. We’ll never
solve all the compliance problems but we can solve a lot of the major ones. In
other words, this is a QA problem.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Turning to the broader point of what can take us beyond
single-sourcing:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In Perlin’s model, all of the complexity of making single
sourcing work is pushed onto the writers. “the more that this conversion and
coding can be pushed back upstream to the individual authors … the easier life
will be”. Well, if all that work is pushed to the writers, it is not their
lives that are being made easier, since all the work and the responsibility is
being pushed onto them. If anyone’s life is being made easier, it is the tool
builder’s life.</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Here we disagree. I’m not saying that we should push “complexity
back upstream to the writers”. I’m saying that we should push tasks that
improve the workflow back upstream. For example, rather than authors using
local/inline formatting in their documents which then has to be fixed by the
information architect, show authors how to use styles from a stylesheet in the
first place and, as I noted above, explain how this will benefit the authors.
This is a “do it right the first time” approach.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Today there is a rich collection of tools and standards
available (largely created to run the Web, which is to say, to build and
deliver content systems). With the right roles defined and the right system
design, you can construct an appropriate custom system using these components.
People do it every day, and at every scale. </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Baker is perfectly right about this. But somebody has to:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Combine those tools into a working system.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Understand, promulgate, measure, and enforce
those standards.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Define the roles.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Design the system.</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
However, each one of these tasks has problems.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">How to combine the tools into a working system?
Combined by whom? The tasks may require code-level skills.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Driving the standards is hard. They’re often
hard to understand </span><i style="text-indent: -0.25in;">without training</i><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> –
what is the CSS standard and what version should we adopt? What is DITA? (“Darwin
Information Typing Architecture” tells us nothing about what DITA actually is.)
And so on.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Roles can certainly be redefined but doing so
can be confusing or sound gratuitous. (Yesterday I was a technical
communicator. Today, I’m a content engineer. What’s the difference?) Baker is
right that there’s a role for content engineers or information architects but
there needs to be meat behind the title.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Every company has a system, but it’s often one
that’s grown organically over years. It may have problems that everyone knows
about and knows how to work around but no one has the time or skills to fix.
Designing a new system from scratch is a wonderful opportunity but it takes
time.</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">In summary, Baker and I agree in
some ways. Today’s single sourcing works, even with its problems. It may not be
robust enough to carry us into Information 4.0, but few companies in my experience
need to worry about that yet. Most companies don’t have the time or resources
to completely overturn their current workflows for a somewhat undefined future.
That will happen, but iteratively. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Today’s single-sourcing tools have
so much untapped power that abandoning them strikes me as a mistake. If people
can make better use of those tools without changing the development model,
that’s a simpler approach.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-60783063836056716902018-09-17T06:56:00.000-04:002018-09-17T06:56:33.304-04:00A Comment About Flare's Dropdown Link Type<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
On July 23, I wrote a post in the Hyper/Word Services blog on “A
Review of MadCap Flare’s Link Types” at <a href="http://hyperword.blogspot.com/">http://hyperword.blogspot.com/</a>. This post was repeated in MadCap’s blog at <a href="https://www.madcapsoftware.com/blog/2018/08/30/navigation-best-practices-guide-link-types-madcap-flare/?utm_source=Newsletter&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=20180911Newsletter&utm_source=Newsletter&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=20180911SepMadCapInsider">https://www.madcapsoftware.com/blog/2018/08/30/navigation-best-practices-guide-link-types-madcap-flare/?utm_source=Newsletter&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=20180911Newsletter&utm_source=Newsletter&utm_medium=Email&utm_campaign=20180911SepMadCapInsider</a>. In the post, I stated in the Dropdown Drawbacks section that there were “<span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%;">None, in my opinion. However, I’d be interested
to hear competing opinions.</span>”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In response, </span><span style="color: #403f3f; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Jana Vacková</span> of ABRA Software in Praha (Prague) wrote:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #403f3f; font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">“</span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">We might know about one </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">J</span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> - so if you are interested in it, here might be one. (I
fixed a few spelling and grammatical errors but otherwise left the response as
is.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The opened dropdown menu has problem to flow around the side menu
and to use all possible width of the page. Let me elaborate it more:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 7.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">In our
project (= ERP SW on line help) we use dropdowns very often – as we found it
very cool </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">J</span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> for
making the long contents more clearly arranged.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 7.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">We use
TopNavigation skin with TOC menu at the side of the screen (side menu).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 7.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">When
the section (of our help) is complicated (as our SW is really huge, complex and
complicated </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">J</span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">) the
side menu (with TOC) has a lot of items and is “long“.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">-</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 7.0pt;"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">So, if
the topic inside in this section has dropdowns on the top (in general
placed horizontally in the area where the side menu is) and user clicks on one
of these dropdowns, the dropdown opens but the width of its body is limited
(thanks to side menu). And is limited up to the end of body content (although
the body is much longer than the side menu itself). When the body itself
is long there is a lot of unused space on the screen and user must scroll down
more. If there are wide tables with many columns in such dropdown body, there
is a problem </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "wingdings"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">L</span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Have a look below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">I mean the unused area under the side menu:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwOkglU_D2C2aMN3QxTcm93npqsiplZ5vgLx_L_bwJ8eaxn6PjfaIcdxFYNSqCGo_ew6R-RUFcEQzsw9mmQaQ3Ej11RZrhM9PudjZTYuvzmy617SXTH9NS7AWmTZOjOgPF8QwEZRPyCCo/s1600/jana1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="1222" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwOkglU_D2C2aMN3QxTcm93npqsiplZ5vgLx_L_bwJ8eaxn6PjfaIcdxFYNSqCGo_ew6R-RUFcEQzsw9mmQaQ3Ej11RZrhM9PudjZTYuvzmy617SXTH9NS7AWmTZOjOgPF8QwEZRPyCCo/s400/jana1.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75"
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filled="f" stroked="f">
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style='width:468pt;height:309.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:/Users/NEILPE~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">It could be perfect if the width of dropdown-body could adapt the
free space. So, at the bottom of side menu the text would start to flow round.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">P.S. We have contacted MC Flare support but they haven’t advised
any solution how to adapt this behavior of the width of opened dropdown body in
combination with side menu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Has anyone else encountered this problem and found a solution?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-77617099503436459522018-09-10T07:20:00.000-04:002018-09-10T07:21:50.672-04:00Word processing through the ages<div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" hspace="0" style="height: 117px; width: 555px;" vspace="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" height="117" style="padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-top: 0in;" valign="top"><div class="HExplanation">
<span class="BoldBlue"><span lang="EN-GB"><i style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14.6667px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><b>This article was originally published in ISTC Communicator, Autumn 2018 Supplement.</b></span></i></span></span><br />
<span class="BoldBlue"><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></span>
<span class="BoldBlue"><span lang="EN-GB">Neil Perlin</span></span><span lang="EN-GB">
looks at the impact word processing has had on technical communication and
his career.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="HExplanation">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BBody1st" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>In February, 1979, I was hired by a computer
company called Digital Equipment Corporation to write the user manual for a
general ledger accounting package. I have an MBA in accounting and operations
management – mathematical process control – from Boston University, so I knew
how a general ledger worked.<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody1st" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><br /></i></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>I wrote the manual by hand,
400 pages, using pencil and paper. We didn’t have word processors, and all typing
was done on typewriters by ‘the girls’ in the typing group. (Stay with me…)<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><br /></i></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>I sent the finished manual
out for review. Four of my reviewers said I’d gotten it wrong – a general
ledger didn’t work the way I described. What they said ran counter to what I’d
learned in my MBA program but I assumed that a big computer company would have
gotten a waiver on the standard. (I was very young and innocent then…) No word
from the fifth reviewer. <o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><br /></i></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>So, I threw out the 400 hand-written
pages and wrote a new 400-page manual. By hand. Pencil and paper.<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><br /></i></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>When I finished, I sent it
out for review. The four reviewers blessed it. However, the fifth, who had been
on vacation during the first review pass, called and spent five minutes giving
me an epic chewing out. <o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><br /></i></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>When he finished, I
explained what happened. After he finally stopped laughing, he said ‘Tell me
what you wrote the first time.’<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><br /></i></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB"><i>I did, and he said ‘That
was exactly right. The other reviewers don’t understand accounting. Go ahead
and rewrite what you wrote the first time.’ Which I did. By hand. Pencil and
paper.<o:p></o:p></i></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB"><i><br /></i></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<i><span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB">So, I ultimately wrote</span></span><span lang="EN-GB"> 1200 pages <span class="Italics">– by hand, pencil and paper – to get
400, with the last 400 saying the same thing as the first 400. <o:p></o:p></span></span></i></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span class="Italics"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody1st" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Many technical communicators from that era have similar ludicrous stories.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BBody1st" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB">The appearance of word processing changed
technical communication forever. Stories like mine became things of the past. Things
like ‘paste-up’ and ‘carbons’ vanished into history. In this article, I’ll look
at how word processing came to be and end with some thoughts about where it may
be going.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<h3>
<span lang="EN-GB">History</span></h3>
<div class="H3Helv11ptKey">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BBody1st" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB">Word processing dates to Gutenberg and movable type. But for this
article, I’ll start with the electronic version. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BBody1st" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="HExplanation">
<span lang="EN-GB">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "lucida bright" , serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">According to a Computer Nostalgia article<sup>1</sup>,
the first units <span class="Italics">functionally recognisable</span> as word</span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB">processors appeared in 1964 with IBM’s
introduction of the MT/ST (Magnetic Tape/Selectric Typewriter) which added magnetic
tape storage to a standard IBM Selectric. Users could store, edit, re-use, and
even share documents. But it was still a typewriter – no screen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB">People also did word processing on mainframe
computers with time-shared terminals. To get a sense of this, see the first
page of ‘Word Processing on the Mainframe Computer’, written in 1984 by Sue
Varnon<sup>2</sup>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB">The first units <span class="Italics">with
screens</span> – recognisable as <span class="Italics">modern</span>
word-processors – debuted in the early 1970s from companies like Lexitron and
Vydec. Wang Laboratories’ CRT-based word processing system, introduced in 1976,
became the standard and made Wang the dominant player in the word processing
market. These systems were crude compared to today’s. Most had no navigation
keys and instead used the e/s/d/x keys on the keyboard. They had no function
keys for attributes like boldfacing, which was done by pressing key
combinations at the beginning and end of the text to be emboldened. There were
no options for fonts, and other things that we take for granted today. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB">WYSIWYG displays didn’t exist. Monitors showed
text using the system’s default font. Formatting was done by inserting control
characters. There’s debate as to when WYSIWYG appeared – some claim that the
early Apple MacIntosh with a bitmapped display made it possible. Others claim
that it wasn’t until laser printers became affordable and could fit on a desk
that true WYSIWYG became possible and you were able to see what was printed, on
screen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB">But they offered the kernel of what we expect
in word processors today. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB">Furthermore, the term ‘word processor’ referred
to dedicated machines rather than software running on general purpose PCs. The
general-purpose PCs we use today were just emerging. But once they did, the dedicated
machines were doomed. Wang went through internal turmoil due to changing
markets, management, and strategy and filed for bankruptcy in 1992. (A fragment
of the company survived until 2014.) Other companies like Lexitron, Lanier, and
Vydec disappeared so thoroughly that Google searches return only fragmentary
mentions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB">To put this in perspective, and for an
interesting aspect of cultural sociology – (see the following item, reference “the
girl”), consider this piece of history from the Computer Nostalgia<sup>1</sup>
article :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BEdsNotes" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB">The New York Times, reporting on a 1971 business equipment trade
show, said:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BEdsNotes" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BEdsNotes" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><i>The ‘buzz word’ for this year's show was ‘word processing’, or the
use of electronic equipment, such as typewriters; procedures and trained
personnel to maximize office efficiency. At the IBM exhibition a girl typed on
an electronic typewriter. The copy was received on a magnetic tape cassette
which accepted corrections, deletions, and additions and then produced a
perfect letter for the boss's signature...</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BEdsNotes" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BBody1st" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB">These pioneers were replaced by software with almost legendary names
– MacWrite, Lotus AmiPro and Manuscript, PC-Write, Electric Pencil, VolksWrite,
MultiMate, PeachText, XyWrite, and three that will be more familiar – WordStar,
WordPerfect, and Word.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BBody1st" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB">WordStar was the leading application in the early
1980s when CP/M and MS-DOS were competitors. But changes in technology and interface
and customer service issues made it falter. WordPerfect took its place as the
leading word-processor in the 1980s. But problems with a release for Microsoft
Windows gave Microsoft an entrée into the market with Word. Between a smoother
introduction and bundling deals that led to Microsoft Office, Word took the
lead in the 1990s and has not looked back.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<h3>
<span lang="EN-GB">Results</span></h3>
<div class="H3Helv11ptKey">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BBody1st" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB">What has this evolution wrought?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="LBullet1" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span lang="EN-GB">Word processing has changed how we write, for the worse according to
some literary critics. See ‘Has Microsoft Word affected the way we work?’ by
John Naughton in the January 14, 2012 issue of The Guardian<sup>3</sup> and ‘How
Technology Has Changed the Way Authors Write’ by <a href="https://newrepublic.com/authors/matthew-kirschenbaum" title="Matthew Kirschenbaum"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration-line: none;">Matthew Kirschenbaum</span></a> in the July 26, 2016
issue of The New Republic<sup>4</sup>.<br /><br />Personally, I agree that it has changed how I work - for the better. Using a typewriter,
changing the material was difficult, often involving White-Out or perhaps even pulling
the page out and re-typing it entirely. This made it easy to lose my train of
thought. With a word-processor, I can write material, modify it as I go, and
easily revert to a previous version. And I can try different wordings to see
which is clearer or gives a better readability score. So, overall, and
especially after my general ledger user manual fiasco in 1979, I could never
give up my word-processor.</span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-GB">WYSIWYG authoring is useful but there are periodic arguments about
whether it leads authors to focus on formatting content rather than on writing it
– appearance over substance. Here’s one example, ‘Word Processors: Stupid and
Inefficient’ by Allin Cottrell<sup>5</sup>.<br /><br />Personally, I agree with some of his positions but I think word processing as
it currently exists is too entrenched to change in the near future. Also, and
interestingly, Cottrell’s position ties in well with the emerging need for
content in HTML or XHTML that has no format of its own but that can use
multiple stylesheets for single sourcing.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="LBullet1">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span lang="EN-GB">WYSIWYG authoring, plus the ability to insert and position graphics
electronically, has sharply reduced the role of the graphic designer. That’s
not to say that a graphic designer couldn’t do a better job, just that graphic
designers are no longer <span class="Italics">needed</span>.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="LBullet1">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span lang="EN-GB">Authoring support tools like spell-checkers and readability analysers
in word-processors sharply reduced the role of editors. (When I was at Digital
Equipment Corp in 1982, there were, as I recall, about 20 writers supported by a
formal editorial group. Today, I’m surprised and pleased if one of my clients
has even one editor on staff.)</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="LBullet1">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span lang="EN-GB">Many managers wanted computers in their offices because computers were
cool, but didn’t want to actually use them because typing was considered to be secretarial
work. So, some unsung marketing genius coined the term ‘keyboarding’ instead.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="LBullet1">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span lang="EN-GB">Typing pools were almost entirely female because management viewed typing
as a secretarial function. The advent of word processing caused debate about whether
it would perpetuate the typing pool as a so-called ‘pink ghetto’ or open new avenues
for advancement for women. My experience from Digital Equipment was the latter.
One woman who started as a typist became one of the coordinators of the
company’s export control compliance programme.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="LBullet1">
</div>
<ul>
<li>The culture of technical writing changed. In 1980, my department got two word-processors for the writers to share. Soon after, the manager told me that he had offered jobs to two writers, both of whom turned him down on the grounds that 'technical writers don't use computers'.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<ul>
<li>The culture of technical writing changed. In 1980, my
department got two word-processors for the writers to share. Soon after, the
manager told me that he had offered jobs to two writers, both of whom turned him
down on the grounds that ‘technical writers don’t use computers’. </li>
</ul>
<div class="HExplanation">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "lucida bright" , serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">In the same vein, one of the greatest presentations in the STC conference’s Beyond
the Bleeding Edge stem, which I started in 1999 and managed until it ended in
2014, was a retrospective look at changes in writing culture by a speaker who
showed a video of a presentation he gave in 1980 entitled ‘why technical
writers should be allowed to use computers’. It’s one of the funniest but most
meaningful presentations I’ve ever seen at a conference. </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 9pt;">(Why meaningful? Because it examined a huge technical <i>and</i> philosophical </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red;">shift in technical communication. Why funny?
Because, almost on cue, the older attendees looked at each other and said “I
remember those days!” while the younger attendees looked at each other and said
“No word processors? No way!”)</span></li>
<li><span lang="EN-GB">Users of word-processors, primarily Word these days, break all kinds
of rules to make sure the document prints well. But these users rarely consider
that their documents may have to be converted to HTML or XHTML for use online.
So, breaking the rules, often using local formatting rather than styles, seemed
to have no down-side but now causes frequent problems.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="LBullet1">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span lang="EN-GB">Related to the prior point, management tends to view word-processors
as akin to typewriters and thus doesn’t train the users on how to use the tool effectively
and correctly. The result is usually chaos.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<h3>
<span lang="EN-GB">The Future?</span></h3>
<div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="text-indent: 0in;">Will today’s word processing powerhouses eventually go extinct? Word
processing is so embedded in business and technical communication that it’s hard
to imagine, but many once-dominant tools and companies have vanished.</span></div>
<div class="BBody1st" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB">I can think of two things that might change the
future of word processing: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="LBullet1">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span lang="EN-GB">It’s been said of Word that most people use 5% of its features. The
problem is that each person uses a different 5%. So, an interface that <span class="Italics">users</span> can easily customise, without a consultant to do so,
would be a big help.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="LBullet1">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span lang="EN-GB">Eliminating typing. A speech-to-text interface, an Alexa of
word-processors, may be possible in the future. But the system will have to be
smart enough to recognise and remove all the throat clearing and ‘like’ and ‘you
know’. And, each person’s voice is different so the system will need a lot of
training. And AI might be needed to help the system understand when to emphasise
a word without the authors having to tell it to do so and breaking their train
of thought.</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><br />
<div class="LBullet1">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="BBody1st" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB">And the need for word processing as we know it might disappear. An
article called ‘Getting The Next Word In’ by Ernie Smith<sup>6</sup> from 2016
makes some interesting philosophical points. “<span class="Italics">The reasons
we have traditionally used word processors has slowly been eroded away,”</span>
he explained. <span class="Italics">“LinkedIn is replacing the resume, GitHub is
replacing documentation, and blogging (and respective tools) have chipped into
journalism. Even documents that are meant to be printed are largely being
standardised and automated. Most letters in your physical mailbox today are
probably from some bank that generated and printed it without touching Word.”</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="BBody1st" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span class="Italics"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB">Perhaps the best indicator of how thoroughly word
processing has penetrated the world, especially that of technical communication
is the fact that it’s taken for granted except when we complain about some
feature of Word. The wonder that it evoked in 1971 is long gone. And that’s a
sign of success.</span></div>
<div class="BBody">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<h3>
<span lang="EN-GB">References</span></h3>
<div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Reference" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Computer Nostalgia (no date) ‘Computer
History. Tracing the History of the Computer – History of Word Processors’ www.computernostalgia.net/articles/HistoryofWordProcessors.htm
(accessed July 2018)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Reference" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Varnon S (1984) ‘Word
Processing on the Mainframe Computer’ <span class="Italics">The Journal of Data
Education, Volume 24, 1984 – Issue 2</span> www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220310.1984.11646292
(accessed July 2018)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Reference" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Naughton J (2012) ‘Has
Microsoft Word affected the way we work?’ <span class="Italics">The Guardian</span>
www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/jan/15/microsoft-word-processing-literature-naughton
(accessed July 2018)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Reference" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB">4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Kirschenbaum M (2016) ‘How
Technology Has Changed the Way Authors Write’ <span class="Italics">The New
Republic</span> https://newrepublic.com/article/135515/technology-changed-way-authors-write
(accessed July 2018)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Reference" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB">5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Cottrell A (1999) ‘Word
Processors: Stupid and Inefficient’ http://ricardo.ecn.wfu.edu/~cottrell/wp.html
(accessed July 2018)<span class="MsoHyperlink"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB">6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB">Smith E (2016) ‘Getting The
Next Word In’ <span class="Italics">Tedium.</span> https://tedium.co/2016/10/04/word-processors-future
(accessed July 2018)</span></div>
<h3>
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></h3>
<h3>
<span lang="EN-GB">Related reading</span></h3>
<div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span lang="EN-GB">Ashworth M (2017) 'The death of
sub-editing' <span class="Italics">Communicator</span>, Spring 2017: 14-17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="HExplanation">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "lucida bright" , serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">Dawson H (2017) 'Industrial revolution in
Fleet Street' <span class="Italics">Communicator</span>, Summer 2017: 26-29</span></span></div>
<div class="HExplanation">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "lucida bright" , serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h3>
<span lang="EN-GB">Glossary</span></h3>
<div>
<span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>AI.</b> AI (artificial
intelligence) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines,
especially computer systems. </span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Italics"><span lang="EN-GB">https://searchenterpriseai.techtarget.com/definition/AI-Artificial-Intelligence<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>Alexa.</b> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Alexa is a virtual digital assistant developed by Amazon for its
Amazon Echo and Echo Dot line of computing devices.<br />
<span class="Italics">https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/A/alexa.html<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>Carbon
copy</b></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><b>.</b> A carbon copy (or carbons) was the
under-copy of a document created when carbon paper was placed between the
original and the under-copy during the production of a document. In email, the abbreviation CC
indicates those who are to receive a copy of a message addressed primarily to
another (CC is the abbreviation of carbon copy).<br />
<span class="Italics">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_copy</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>CP/M</b></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><b>.</b> CP/M originally stood for Control Program/Monitor and later
Control Program for Microcomputers, is a mass-market operating system created
for Intel 8080/85-based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research,
Inc.<br />
<span class="Italics">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/M<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>GitHub</b></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><b>.</b> GitHub is a web-based version-control and collaboration platform
for software developers. <br />
<span class="Italics">https://searchitoperations.techtarget.com/definition/GitHub<br />
https://github.com<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>HTML</b></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><b>.</b> Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language
for creating web pages and web applications. <br />
<span class="Italics">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>Keyboarding</b></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><b>.</b> Enter data by means of a keyboard.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>MS-DOS</b></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><b>.</b> (Microsoft Disk Operating System). MS‑DOS was the main operating
system for IBM PC compatible personal computers during the 1980s and the early
1990s.<span class="Italics"><br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOS<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>Paste-up</b></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><b>.</b> A document prepared for copying or printing by combining and
pasting various sections on a backing.<br />
<span class="Italics">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paste_up</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>Pink ghetto</b></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><b>.</b> ‘Pink ghetto’ is a term used to refer to jobs dominated by women.
The term was coined in 1983 to describe the limits women have in furthering
their careers, since the jobs are often dead-end, stressful and underpaid.<br />
<span class="Italics">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink-collar_worker#Pink_ghetto<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>White-Out</b></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><b>.</b> White-out is a correction fluid. It is an opaque, usually white,
fluid applied to paper to mask errors in text. Once dried, it can be written
over. It is typically packaged in small bottles, and the lid has an attached
brush (or a triangular piece of foam) which dips into the bottle. The brush is
used to apply the fluid onto the paper. In the UK, ‘Tipp-Ex’ is used more
commonly.<br />
<span class="Italics">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correction_fluid<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="Reference">
<span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>WYSIWYG</b></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><b>.</b> WYSIWYG is an acronym for ‘what you see is what you get’.<br />
<span class="Italics">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYG<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="HExplanation">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "lucida bright" , serif; font-size: 9.0pt;"><span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 9pt;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="HExplanation">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span class="Bold"><span lang="EN-GB"><b>XHTML</b></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><b>.</b> Extensible
Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) is part of the family of XML markup
languages.</span></span><span style="font-family: "lucida bright" , serif; font-size: 9pt;"> </span></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-frame-width: 416.2pt; mso-element-left: 143.45pt; mso-element-top: 4.45pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "lucida bright" , serif; font-size: 9.0pt;">.</span></div>
Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-40741737592791150902018-09-06T10:32:00.000-04:002018-09-06T10:32:20.266-04:00Is Single-Sourcing Dead?Matthew Dorma of Calgary, AB pointed me to a post by Mark
Baker (<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://everypageispageone.com/">https://everypageispageone.com/</a></span>)
entitled “Time to move to multi-sourcing” (<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://everypageispageone.com/2018/04/06/time-to-move-to-multi-sourcing/">https://everypageispageone.com/2018/04/06/time-to-move-to-multi-sourcing/</a></span>).
I discussed that post with several people and have thought about the implicit
question it poses – is single-sourcing dead – for a while. This post is the
result.<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
NOTE: The first part of the post – Is Single-Sourcing Dead? –
discusses problems with single-sourcing in general. The second part –
Alternatives to Traditional Single-Sourcing? – briefly addresses the specific
points that Baker raises in his original post.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Is single-sourcing dead?<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In my opinion, no. The single-sourcing concept – write once,
re-use many times in many ways and many places – has some problems. But the basic
concept is so useful that I see nothing that can replace it yet.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What are those problems? Can they be fixed, and how?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> ·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b>Inappropriate tools</b> – Today, single-sourcing is
based on using tools like MadCap Flare (note that I do a lot of training and
consulting for MadCap), or standards like DITA. However, companies aren’t going
to buy those tools for every employee who has to write something; the cost is too
high. Instead, most of those employees will use Microsoft Word because
companies see Word as being free. And employees <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">can</i> use Word to create print and PDF output – technically,
single-sourcing but lacking the flexibility and output options of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">full-power</i> single-sourcing. <br />
<br />
The result? Trying to do single-sourcing using the wrong tools.<br />
<br />
The solution? Simple in theory. Identify which employees create what material
that has to be single-sourced and buy them the appropriate tools. <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 6<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Inappropriate training</b> – In the early days of
word-processing, specially-trained operators did the work. Today, employees get
a copy of Word and are largely on their own to figure it out – with no training.
The results are often inconsistent and with ugly code, but no one cares as long
as the document looks good when printed. But if that document has to be
imported into a single-sourcing tool like Flare, ugly code often causes problems
that few authors know how to avoid or fix. Authors need at least some training
in how to use Word but few companies offer it.<br />
<br />
The same is true in single-sourcing. Authors may have the right tool but are often
not trained on how to use it, or on the concepts of single-sourcing. I often meet
Flare authors who were given the tool and told to figure it out on their own.
Sometimes the results are surprisingly impressive but often the authors are
just terribly frustrated.<br />
<br />
The result? The best tools are often worthless if authors don’t know how to use
them.<br />
<br />
The solution? Obvious. Train the authors on the tools. And for subject matter
experts upstream who use Word et al to provide content to the single-sourcing authors,
provide at least minimal training and support in how to use their tools. How
minimal? Two examples… <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->A client in Austin, TX whose authors used Word asked
me what those “styles” were. I explained what they were and how to create and
use them. The client was ecstatic at the amount of work they could save. From a
five-minute discussion…<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">o<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->A client in Connecticut was having trouble
getting their authors to create consistently-structured material. They had defined
a structural standard but the authors deviated from it constantly. I explained
how to create topic templates that could be added to their authoring tool’s interface.
The client’s employees spent about an hour at a white board laying out a
template which I then turned into an electronic one and added to the tool interface
in about five minutes.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Inappropriate standards</b> – People often have no
standards to follow to when it comes to using their tools – no templates for
different types of material, or style usage standards, for example.<br />
<br />
The result? People do whatever provides the result they want, even if that
causes trouble down the road when it’s time to import the material into a single-sourcing
tool or output to a new format.<br />
<br />
The solution? Surprisingly simple. Identify authors’ pain points and create
standards for them. Better still, embed the standards into the authoring tools
as much as possible to make their use automatic. For example, create topic-type
templates with embedded prompts – “type the list of tools here” – to guide authors
as they write. Or create a stylesheet with clear style names and make it the project’s
master stylesheet so that it will be applied automatically to every topic. <br />
<br />
Adding standards is surprisingly straightforward. What’s harder is getting authors
to use them. That will take training and time and perhaps some management
muscle to insist that using the standards is a requirement, but that’s not a
new task.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Increasing complexity</b> – Single-sourcing
requires many tasks beyond just writing the content. Authors have to decide
which output is primary in order to decide which features to use because some won’t
work well or at all on different outputs. That means understanding those
features. Authors have to create and assign conditions to control which content
to use for which output. Define re-usable chunks of content. Create style
sheets that behave differently depending on the output. Perhaps define microcontent.
And more. And this all must be documented somewhere for reference by the
current authors and later ones. <br />
<br />
The result? The increasing power of our tools and increasing customer demands are
leading to increasingly complex projects that that can easily go out of
control.<br />
<br />
The solution? Again, simple. Document your project. (See my book “Writing
Effective Online Content Project Specifications”, available on Amazon, for my suggestions
on how to document your projects and what can happen if you don’t.)<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b>Lack of motivation on authors’ parts</b> – Single-sourcing
isn’t on most authors’ radar so they have no reason to move from the tools and
workflows they know to something new to support some vague goal of single-sourcing.
<br />
<br />
The result? Authors type their content and make sure it prints well and that’s
that.<br />
<br />
The solution? Several parts. First, make single-sourcing a job requirement. Second,
and crucially, explain why single-sourcing is important to the company <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and</i> show how it can solve authors’
problems. Without that, authors will do the bare minimum needed to meet the
single-sourcing requirement and even skimp on that unless there’s management
oversight.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Alternatives to Traditional Single-Sourcing?<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What about the “shared pipes” (from Sarah O’Keefe) and “multi-source”
(from Alan Porter) models that Baker describes? Each seems to fix some problems
of single-sourcing. However, each one has to add a complex black box in the center
of the process, where the conversion and coding is done. In my view, the more
that this conversion and coding can be pushed back upstream to the individual
authors by giving them templates, style sheets, and other tools and leaving the
black box central processor to the tool vendor, the easier life will be. No
need for a dedicated IT person managing and maintaining a proprietary system that,
in my experience, languishes after its initial champions have moved on.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What about the “subject-domain” model that Baker describes?
In my view, this model can be handled by creating information-type templates
for authors to use. We generally think of templates as specific to types of
information/topics, but there’s no reason why templates can’t be applied to
specific domains of information as well.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Summary<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Single-sourcing isn’t perfect. No authoring model is. But it’s
worked well for years and its problems seem to have straightforward solutions. Try those before throwing the
single-sourcing baby out with the bath water. <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-51490966040024285242018-06-13T06:09:00.000-04:002018-06-13T06:09:43.795-04:00Information 4.0 Technologies and Their Issues<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Information 4.0 is getting a lot of attention, but what is
it and how will it work? Andy McDonald, one of its evangelists, describes it as
“…the informational component of Industry 4.0.” (I discussed Industry 4.0 in an
article in the Winter 2017 issue of Communicator.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Think of “Information 4.0” as an umbrella term for advanced
technical communication technologies. Its overall goal is to create user
assistance that is:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Continuously updated – as up-to-date as possible.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Focused on the requester’s needs – an event
triggers the content which is then automatically profiled for the requester, as
opposed to being static and generic.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Ubiquitous – available when and where needed.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Broken into small chunks, or “fragments” that
are independent of each other and assembled as needed, like beads on a string.</span></li>
</ul>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How will Information 4.0 work? At a high level:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ol>
<li>Some mechanism determines the context of an information
request.</li>
<li>Some mechanism sends that context to a repository of categorized content fragments.</li>
<li>Some mechanism extracts the appropriate fragments from the repository, forms them into an output, and sends that output to the requester.</li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If you’re thinking that this is simply an extension of how
we create context-sensitive help today, you’re right. But Information 4.0’s technologies
and required skills make it a HUGE extension of that work.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In this article, we’ll look at some of the major Information
4.0 technologies by function, and some issues behind those functions. As you’ll
see, there are as many questions as answers today as the concepts,
technologies, and methodologies emerge. (Similar to the web in the mid-90s,
when the browser wars were heating up and people often didn’t know what browser
they had or even what a browser was.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The article does not discuss specific <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">technical communication-oriented</i> tools because those tools are
still undefined. Today’s help authoring tools will add Information 4.0 features
and new tools will appear as that market emerges. That’s the subject of a later
article.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Contextualization<o:p></o:p></h2>
<h3>
Technical Overview<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In order to tailor the content to a requester’s needs, the
system must know the context of the request. Contextualization sounds
mysterious but it will be familiar if you create context-sensitive online help.
It lets the help system determine the requester’s location within an application
and what help topic is related to that location. (If the requester is in the
Print dialog box and clicks a Help button, a Print Dialog Box Help topic should
open. Simple.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Traditional context-sensitive help is simple. A standard
method has existed for years and is supported by the GUI of our help authoring
tools; it’s a well-known process with no coding work. (Although companies <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">can</i> have proprietary methods that the
tools don’t support.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In Information 4.0, however, “context” goes far beyond the
“in what dialog box is the requester located” model to include contexts like:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Geographical – physical location, outdoors using
GPS or indoors using GPS or beacons.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Chronological – date and/or time.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Environmental – temperature, light levels, and
more.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Spatial – device orientation, such as whether
you’re holding your phone in portrait or landscape mode, and more.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Personal – pulse, temperature, and more.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Perhaps other contexts, such as physical to
detect conditions like vibration or strain in machines.</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h3>
Issues<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Contextualization issues include:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Transience. Traditional context-sensitivity is stable
until the requester changes it – e.g. you’re in dialog box A until you go to
dialog box B. But the other types can change quickly and often, like a light
sensor that has to distinguish between light and shadow while the requester is
under a tree on a windy day. This puts more demands on the sensors.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Context detection method. Traditional context
detection is built-into our authoring tools; others are not and the detection
method must be coded separately. We’ll </span><i style="text-indent: -0.25in;">need</i><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
programmer support.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Context transmission method. Transmitting the
contexts to the processor needs fast and reliable internet access, plus some
local fallback when internet access is slow or lacking.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Context processing. The context must be analyzed
to determine what content fragments to send to the requester. This might take
place outside or, eventually, within the authoring tool, possibly on a server.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">The effect on hardware, software, and network
requirements.</span></li>
</ul>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l10 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Content creation<o:p></o:p></h2>
<h3>
Technical Overview<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is simply the creation of the content to be delivered in
response to a user’s request.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Conceptually, it’s identical to content creation
today but Information 4.0’s requirement for fragments complicates things. How?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Traditional authoring tools like Word or
FrameMaker exist to create documents – books. We can create content fragments
with them but the process takes more concentration. Users of Word of FrameMaker
may have to switch to more topic-oriented authoring tools.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Writing will have to change. For example,
traditional continuity (“as described above”) won’t work because “above” may be
in a different fragment that may not appear in a given output.</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h3>
Issues<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Some content creation issues exist today, and new and more
complex ones will appear.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Fragments will have to meet the needs defined by
the contexts. That seems self-evident, but it means that context definition
will have to be done prior to content creation. In other words, “winging it,”
already a bad idea today, will be a really bad idea under Information 4.0.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Fragments may have to stand alone or be
combinable on the fly in response to user requests.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Fragment naming, metadata, and similar control conventions
will be crucial. The “winging it” that we can get away with for 100 fragments
will be unmanageable for 1,000 or more.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Fragment creation will require authoring tools
that create syntactically clean code and no tool-specific code that might affect
the processing.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Fragment content must be separate from
formatting rules. This requires a CSS and elimination of local formatting. The
content must also be separate from business rules to let it be used in any
output ranging from a browser to a mobile app to a bot to whatever is next. The
internal structure of the content has to reflect this separation.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Search will be crucial for finding information,
so SEO (search engine optimization) will be crucial.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Fragments may have to be created to meet different,
personalized requests. For example, for a process description, can there just
be one fragment containing a list of the steps? Must there be an additional
fragment containing the steps and the concepts? Or an additional fragment that
describes the concepts that can be combined with the steps fragment depending
on the requester’s background? And how do we know the requester’s background?</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">The contents might use “microcontent” depending
on your definition of microcontent – ranging from a title or heading to an
abstract or meta-description that appears on a search results list.</span></li>
</ul>
Finally, and most meaningfully for the future of technical communication…<br /><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">The number of fragments required, plus the naming
and coding requirements, may mean that traditional technical communication
won’t be able to keep up with the work. Instead, AI-driven tools will create
the fragments; our roles will become that of AI rule writer and content
curator. Traditional writing will become a thing of the past in companies using
Information 4.0.</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<h2>
Content selection<o:p></o:p></h2>
<h3>
Technical Overview<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Once the content fragments exist, it’s necessary to select
appropriate fragments for a particular context and control the order in which
they’re presented to the requester. (“Order” may seem like an odd issue if each
fragment is independent but individual fragments may discuss individual steps
in a task and must be presented in the right order. This is more important in
print than online. In online, fragment order is less important because the
order may be controlled by hyperlinks – e.g. “Click to go to the next step”.
However, that implies that the links may have to be included for some outputs
but excluded for others. This increases the structural complexity of the
fragments.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Back to content selection…<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Content selection means that the fragments must be tagged so
that they can be retrieved based on the context. There’s a model for this
today, conditionality.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h3>
Issues<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The conditionality feature in help authoring tools like
MadCap Flare lets us assign a tag to fragments of content. We can then select
content for a particular output by including or excluding content that has particular
conditional tags. To do this, however:</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Authors must know what outputs they need in order
to create and assign the tags. This work is simple but time-consuming when they
have to tag many fragments. The same will be true for Information 4.0.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Conditionality code is tool-specific. It will be
years before Information 4.0 tools are as integrated as today’s help authoring
tools so working in Information 4.0 will require multiple tools. This means the
tags must be open source. The W3C’s RDF (Resource Description Framework) seems
like the most likely candidate because it’s already used in Industry 4.0, the
conceptual home of Information 4.0.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Authors will have to become familiar with RDF. We
probably won’t have to know it at the code level; GUI tools exist now. But it
will be important to understand RDF at a conceptual level in order to use it well.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">The number of fragments to tag and the speed needed
to do so is likely to shift the work toward an AI-based model. This means that
our roles will change to AI rule writer and enforcer/curator and technical
communication will become a thing of the past in Information 4.0 shops.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
After the tags have been assigned, the appropriate fragments
must be called from the repository. Calling fragments in today’s help authoring
tools is mechanically simple point and click (though figuring out the logic can
still be complicated). But until Information 4.0 authoring tools become as
integrated as today’s help authoring tools, we’ll need programming support to write
the scripts to read the context state information, translate that to the RDF
codes, and call the fragments to generate the output.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Output generation<o:p></o:p></h2>
<h3>
Technical Overview<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
After the processor receives the context information and
retrieves the appropriate fragments, it has to generate the output. This seems
straightforward, like generating HTML5 output from a help authoring tool.
However, as you might expect by now, the process may not be that clear.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h3>
Issues<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One issue is whether the output is a loose set of XHTML
files or a packaged set of files like that created when outputting HTML5 from a
help authoring tool. Why does this matter?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">If ancillary navigation files, like a table of
contents, or control files, like a CSS, are to be part of the output, they have
to be generated and applied to the output through some build process. Most
builds are quick, under a minute, but I have seen some that take hours.
Requesters won’t want to wait for a build that takes hours, so they may not use
the content at all or use an older version, if they can. The problem is whether
requesters will wait for a build that takes a minute.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">To avoid the build time problem, the fragments
may just be uploaded to the requester’s device. If so, how will the ancillary
files be applied, if at all?</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Issue two has to do with whether to enable responsive output
features. Given that ubiquity is one of the qualities propounded for
Information 4.0, one output should be readable on desktops, tablets, phones, etc.
We can create a separate output for each device but that requires a build, with
the build time issue, or we can create one responsive output that can detect
what type of device it’s on and reformat itself accordingly.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">If we want to enable responsive output, which
seems logical to drive ubiquity, there must be a build process. That raises the
build time delay issue mentioned above.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">To avoid the build time issue, there must be a
way to generate files that will run on any device.</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l7 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Output delivery<o:p></o:p></h2>
<h3>
Technical Overview<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Output delivery entails the ubiquity mentioned above – the accurate
and up-to-date output must always be available when and where needed. This
seems like standard internet operations, but there’s also the issue of internet
access. <o:p></o:p></div>
<h3>
Issues<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Some of the issues are similar to those under output
creation. But two others apply to delivery.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">In order for content to be ubiquitous, dynamic,
and spontaneous, three properties desired for Information 4.0, requesters need
internet access. What happens when requesters have poor or nonexistent access?
This is an issue with mobile apps as well and lead to the creation of local
storage options that could hold content until users got internet access back,
at which point the app would connect to the database and automatically sync the
data.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">What part of the content would be sent to the
requester, all of it or just those parts affected by the context call?</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l8 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Summary<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There will be other issues too, such as content storage and analytics.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Where does Information 4.0 stand as of mid-2018?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Many of the concepts – contextualization,
fragmentary content creation, networked content, content tagging and selection,
ubiquity in the form of multi-device capable responsive output, analytics, and
others – already exist and have been implemented in varying degree in today’s authoring
tools. They’ll have to be extended to move technical communication into the
Information 4.0 world.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Other concepts, such as AI, RDF, and machine-generated
content, exist now outside traditional technical communication. They will have
to be integrated into technical communication.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Today’s help authoring tools don’t support
Information 4.0 but they provide a model for those tools as they’ll start to
emerge.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">The challenges of working in Information 4.0 are
broad and deep, as this article tried to show, and will rival or exceed the
issues that we faced when word processing, the web, and online help all hit
technical communication.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Information 4.0 may ultimately be very different from what I
describe here. It may live under another name. But the challenges will be the
same and will take technical communication into new and intellectually
challenging areas with new and fascinating jobs.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14.6667px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">This article was originally published in ISTC Communicator, Summer 2018.</span></i></div>
<h1>
About the Author<o:p></o:p></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Neil is president of Hyper/Word Services (<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.hyperword.com/">www.hyperword.com</a></span>)
of Tewksbury, MA.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He has many years of
experience in technical writing, with 34 in training, consulting, and
developing for online formats and outputs ranging from WinHelp to mobile apps
and tools ranging from RoboHelp and Doc-To-Help to Flare and ViziApps. To top
things off, he has been working in mobile since 1998 and XML since 2000.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Neil is MadCap-certified in Flare and Mimic, Adobe-certified
for RoboHelp, and Viziapps-certified for the ViziApps Studio mobile app
development platform. He is a popular conference speaker, most recently at TCUK
2017. Neil is an STC Fellow, founded and managed the Bleeding Edge stem at the
STC summit, and was a long-time columnist for STC Intercom, IEEE, and various
other publications.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can reach him at
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="mailto:nperlin@nperlin.cnc.net">nperlin@nperlin.cnc.net</a></span>.<span style="color: black; layout-grid-mode: line;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-16335306663725043602018-05-09T06:45:00.000-04:002018-05-09T06:45:02.618-04:00A Review of MadCap Flare 2018<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">MadCap released
Flare 2018 last week. In this post, I’ll look at several of the new features
that I think are most useful or have the most potential.</span><br />
<br />
<h2>
Side Navigation Output<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The tri-pane skin has existed since 1995 and works perfectly
well but it screams “online help”. MadCap’s Top Navigation, or topnav, skin,
introduced several years ago, added a more webby look to Flare targets.
However, topnav has some limitations compared to the tripane, primarily the
fact that it’s not good for targets with long or complex TOCs. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Topnav displays the level 1 TOC heads in the upper pane so
having a lot of level 1 heads means that the upper pane may use a lot of space,
reducing the space available for content in the lower pane. See the image below
for an (extreme) example of how the topnav uses the space in the upper pane.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipqGVci7WpBxnPgGBXQmqSkZnYc-YxdnidFWYoIrSPB41cx4ZtfR1Cx9QykxeBAssTTL_-szc75Oqp2ToXgLnx5DiKVbsTI4V3_HNldWYSYQviC30T37GENaXYedhemDv21pkkKG69PNk/s1600/Flare+2018+Review+-+Sample+TopNav+Output.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="748" data-original-width="1418" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipqGVci7WpBxnPgGBXQmqSkZnYc-YxdnidFWYoIrSPB41cx4ZtfR1Cx9QykxeBAssTTL_-szc75Oqp2ToXgLnx5DiKVbsTI4V3_HNldWYSYQviC30T37GENaXYedhemDv21pkkKG69PNk/s400/Flare+2018+Review+-+Sample+TopNav+Output.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:468pt;height:246.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:/Users/NEILPE~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Reducing the blank space on the left and right sides of the upper
pane will reduce the number of lines that the TOC needs. But a long or complex
TOC may still need this much space.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The next image shows what happens if the user hovers over
one of the headings, in this case “Firewall Properties”.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFfnQYD8w2LatM5qrwjSqA8A4E708jOz1LipLy7_BZOskgkKyLm6KiVM-gD3TSd6wlFBhuhWZjgLHeA-tyjj-GCFUsntYPEBqZToY20xJLcYcOCA583c4_5vOMurZw1-0uMh7S2V49J-g/s1600/Flare+2018+Review+-+Sample+TopNav+Output+-+Expanded.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="748" data-original-width="1427" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFfnQYD8w2LatM5qrwjSqA8A4E708jOz1LipLy7_BZOskgkKyLm6KiVM-gD3TSd6wlFBhuhWZjgLHeA-tyjj-GCFUsntYPEBqZToY20xJLcYcOCA583c4_5vOMurZw1-0uMh7S2V49J-g/s400/Flare+2018+Review+-+Sample+TopNav+Output+-+Expanded.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt;
height:245.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:/Users/NEILPE~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Again, it can be hard to fit long or complex TOCs into this
structure. The tripane eliminates this problem but at the cost of an old-style
look and some codes that could cause trouble under HTML5. MadCap’s solution was
to create a side navigation version of topnav, as shown below, first collapsed.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaHeA01o-mFwLUK-0HnC2xHjgeaRnbRzv4SMohdMzQ7ad4ZxAe7Z-hedQWDqB00cltzlkYpKbm5OuZ5XFpV_fs8mKp8dejS4bI3m2T0gMRZbOpvR_Rr-3Eevb7E0dDPIS62NKEHDMryMs/s1600/Flare+2018+Review+-+Sample+SideNav+Output.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1416" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaHeA01o-mFwLUK-0HnC2xHjgeaRnbRzv4SMohdMzQ7ad4ZxAe7Z-hedQWDqB00cltzlkYpKbm5OuZ5XFpV_fs8mKp8dejS4bI3m2T0gMRZbOpvR_Rr-3Eevb7E0dDPIS62NKEHDMryMs/s400/Flare+2018+Review+-+Sample+SideNav+Output.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468.75pt;
height:248.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:/Users/NEILPE~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And then expanded, below…<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5kW7jytBkutBgMcMaYWC1tTIu5EsiAMklih5jkjretdtA0WPA6GKmXLrMvZkUqATr1WrsWQDSROJk38d1AEEZgk24mZMi71MgktXVAuJx7PFCLYrs1nO69tem_bmyZy846ESKCF9ICL0/s1600/Flare+2018+Review+-+Sample+SideNav+Output+-+Expanded.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1419" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5kW7jytBkutBgMcMaYWC1tTIu5EsiAMklih5jkjretdtA0WPA6GKmXLrMvZkUqATr1WrsWQDSROJk38d1AEEZgk24mZMi71MgktXVAuJx7PFCLYrs1nO69tem_bmyZy846ESKCF9ICL0/s400/Flare+2018+Review+-+Sample+SideNav+Output+-+Expanded.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt;
height:247.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:/Users/NEILPE~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It’s showing the same TOC as the topnav example, but TOC
length is no longer an issue since the TOC pane can scroll.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Be aware that this skin, like topnav, assumes that the
primary navigation for the target is the TOC and search. No index.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In summary, I think this skin is exactly what we’ve needed
to offset topnav’s TOC space limitations and I expect it to see wide use.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h2>
Project Analysis<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
MadCap has offered a somewhat tangled set of project analysis options
for years – a built-in report generator and a related file tag feature, a
Project Analysis option (View > Project Analysis), and the separate Analyzer
product. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The report generator and Analyzer product are similar; both
offer 120+ reports on broken links, snippet suggestions, undefined styles, and
so on. The main difference is that the report generator just creates the
reports whereas the Analyzer product can actively help you act on them. Flare
has also offered a little subset of the Analyzer under its Project Analysis
option (View > Project Analysis).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In Flare 2018, MadCap appears to be taking steps to
streamline all these options. The report generator and file tags features are
still available but MadCap has added the core of the Analyzer product to Flare
itself. In other words, we’ve gone from this in pre-2018 versions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfVGPi9Vf5zDpitcf34m7e3MmUTBGyR5ifcggLvqjcymshMKQ2EpHJ8Ye5_CZ6aEKzTxSU8ZtJHeBExQbdQTPb5QoCNIjI40PM0AOQp4hj2nwqQsfqqzYs4eLjNBQU0twZM1V6qYkz3iE/s1600/Flare+2018+Review+-+Project+Analysis+Option+in+pre-2018+Versions.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="433" data-original-width="447" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfVGPi9Vf5zDpitcf34m7e3MmUTBGyR5ifcggLvqjcymshMKQ2EpHJ8Ye5_CZ6aEKzTxSU8ZtJHeBExQbdQTPb5QoCNIjI40PM0AOQp4hj2nwqQsfqqzYs4eLjNBQU0twZM1V6qYkz3iE/s320/Flare+2018+Review+-+Project+Analysis+Option+in+pre-2018+Versions.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:335.25pt;
height:324.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:/Users/NEILPE~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To this is Flare 2018 (with just one of the menus expanded and 44
reports in total). It’s not the full Analyzer but it’s a good start.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitehdsn6FemK6NPouZS4PmOEOt6kGF8d0y2OU7BqHzhiU1yQLLfFOQvjk8O-9tEm8Y7RwZ3c85KgegnuNznaGt171lGzWlHahDv7SILdPkurxL05t8JJalenWjLIN2d8-dJ3D91fVtTyY/s1600/Flare+2018+Review+-+Project+Analysis+Option+in+2018+Version.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="409" data-original-width="541" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitehdsn6FemK6NPouZS4PmOEOt6kGF8d0y2OU7BqHzhiU1yQLLfFOQvjk8O-9tEm8Y7RwZ3c85KgegnuNznaGt171lGzWlHahDv7SILdPkurxL05t8JJalenWjLIN2d8-dJ3D91fVtTyY/s320/Flare+2018+Review+-+Project+Analysis+Option+in+2018+Version.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:405.75pt;
height:306.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:/Users/NEILPE~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In summary, this should go a long way toward strengthening
the analysis and management aspects of any Flare project.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h2>
Find Elements<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Find Elements is a seemingly innocuous little feature that
should come in handy if you have to clean up the code in legacy files. It’s
available from the Home ribbon’s Find and Replace group and looks like this
when first opened.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieX0-bfS1IRUPyfzywGAYE1hH_qiR_LmG25EYljdMI2HjwgTUN5YZqqAvcSelxAJtffVQ3_JqMic27JtICrqNTTsATsQwdbVdegbw4qvh8UOc52LYV_6yT8lKxXn__i7JhmM8QBVKcYkg/s1600/Find+Elements+Dialog+Box.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="351" data-original-width="266" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieX0-bfS1IRUPyfzywGAYE1hH_qiR_LmG25EYljdMI2HjwgTUN5YZqqAvcSelxAJtffVQ3_JqMic27JtICrqNTTsATsQwdbVdegbw4qvh8UOc52LYV_6yT8lKxXn__i7JhmM8QBVKcYkg/s320/Find+Elements+Dialog+Box.png" width="242" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_8" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:199.5pt;
height:263.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:/Users/NEILPE~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.png"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The Find What field offers the following options.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBRNKHnr69qhtPQ06hRuRH10nQCaKANoVvfxTHvpZVWr4o-QUxxQT9S2_WqOZj7uihiyURuxSDJOZorvN3yWRLD3Rmh9dbKS0EQfOAg4gjE8mIWAmv9BQNoc3AlYRBzAOD-4-fSmadOD8/s1600/Find+Elements+Dialog+Box+-+Expanded.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="347" data-original-width="265" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBRNKHnr69qhtPQ06hRuRH10nQCaKANoVvfxTHvpZVWr4o-QUxxQT9S2_WqOZj7uihiyURuxSDJOZorvN3yWRLD3Rmh9dbKS0EQfOAg4gjE8mIWAmv9BQNoc3AlYRBzAOD-4-fSmadOD8/s320/Find+Elements+Dialog+Box+-+Expanded.png" width="244" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The results appear in a Find Results pane, typically at the
bottom of the screen.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In summary, the most useful options, in my opinion, are
inline styles, if you have to clean up legacy files, and MadCap, if you’re
using Flare to create HTML files for use outside Flare, such as for a wiki, and
have to find and remove Flare-specific tags in the output HTML files.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h2>
Other Interesting Features<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Two in particular…<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Review Workflow with MadCap Central – This new
feature adds a new twist to your review workflows. If you’re a Contributor
user, you’ve been able to solicit comments and new content from SMEs for years
but you had to buy Contributor to do so. Now, if you’re a Central user, there’s
no need to buy Contributor. Instead, you can add your SMEs to the review
workflow through Central, in the cloud. Some of the benefits include multi-reviewer
workflows, a simplified review-only interface, and change tracking.<br /></span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Elasticsearch – This new feature adds a third
search engine option to your projects in addition to MadCap’s own search and
Google Search. My experience is that most users happily go for the MadCap
search but a small number are looking for alternatives. For a comparison of the
three types, see http://help.madcapsoftware.com/flare2018/Content/Flare/Targets/More/Setting-Up-Search-Engine.htm.</span></li>
</ul>
<h2>
Summary<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What I like:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">How the Side Navigation Output allows Flare
authors with long or complex TOCs to get the same benefits as topnav but
without the space constraints.<br /></span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">How the Analysis feature adds tremendous project
management and analysis control natively.<br /></span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">How the Find Elements feature helps authors look
at the internals of their projects.<br /></span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">How the Central-based workflow adds a new option
to Flare and continues what appears to be MadCap’s move into the cloud.</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In my opinion, these features, especially the Side
Navigation Output, make Flare 2018 a solid release that’s worth upgrading to.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com18tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-88799101108355120452018-02-19T06:46:00.000-05:002018-03-09T06:49:00.188-05:00Have You Stopped Indexing Your Flare Projects? Not So Fast…<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Many <b><a href="https://www.madcapsoftware.com/products/flare/" target="_blank">Flare</a></b><span id="goog_899340280"></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"></a><span id="goog_899340281"></span> authors no longer create indexes for their targets,
instead relying on the search feature. It makes sense. Most authors find indexing
tedious, so the search feature is a simple and widely accepted alternative. And
if you use TopNav skins for your targets, there’s no index option anyway. So,
you can just abandon indexing entirely, right?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
You can, but there are two arguments for creating an index,
even if you use TopNav skins.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Improving Search Ranking<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Indexing seems to have nothing to do with search, but it can
actually make topics found by search show up higher in a search results list
and thus be more visible. For example, the screen below shows the result of a
search for “FTP Site”. The desired topic, called “Neil’s FTP Site,” has no
index entries assigned to it. It shows up in position 5.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgnmiRAv6UyvEFe7KzDpCAdPn7W99sBIn3Y2xHRqSs3CG8dSCTpyBX2zOna9ryHIM9O_H76vPVqTE_hh7l6l3sPsvip26ndLkFk1iZt17sps_4HDoac89p47RwuIXkNsAuPQLFmFVCrBM/s1600/Search+for+Topic+With+No+Index+Entries.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="698" data-original-width="834" height="333" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgnmiRAv6UyvEFe7KzDpCAdPn7W99sBIn3Y2xHRqSs3CG8dSCTpyBX2zOna9ryHIM9O_H76vPVqTE_hh7l6l3sPsvip26ndLkFk1iZt17sps_4HDoac89p47RwuIXkNsAuPQLFmFVCrBM/s400/Search+for+Topic+With+No+Index+Entries.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I then add the index entry “FTP site” to the topic,
regenerate the target, and re-run the search. The topic now shows up in
position 2.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQZ-bZs1jJjIW2DdYZGOJmr4onxdNFynN6N5nnNJ2ll-2uz4d0VEu6hYN3-hVrhlMmDtvQ6jykLaL7MF79cGonUPH8qCeQtpSCq6DF5X1ATrC4ARRXVGIdB5S6vzXX5kOG11_nIuQdt2g/s1600/Search+for+Topic+With+Index+Entries.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="687" data-original-width="726" height="377" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQZ-bZs1jJjIW2DdYZGOJmr4onxdNFynN6N5nnNJ2ll-2uz4d0VEu6hYN3-hVrhlMmDtvQ6jykLaL7MF79cGonUPH8qCeQtpSCq6DF5X1ATrC4ARRXVGIdB5S6vzXX5kOG11_nIuQdt2g/s400/Search+for+Topic+With+Index+Entries.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt;
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Why? When creating the list of search results, Flare assigns
different weights to keywords depending on where they occur in a topic. (See “Ranking
Search Results” in the help.) Specifically, it weights an index keyword in a
topic as if that keyword is a search keyword in a level 4 heading. It’s hard to
say exactly what to expect here because topics are so different but, as a
general rule, the more index keywords you apply the better your search results.
Try it with a topic in your Flare project that users often search for and see
if it makes a difference.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Improving Search Synonyms<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Adding index entries may let you fix some search synonym issues.
This can be a somewhat tangled issue so follow me.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let’s say that one of your topics describes subs (the
sandwich). However, in Philadelphia, subs are called hoagies. But you, the
author, being from Boston, never used the word hoagie in the topic. The result?
Users who search for “hoagie” get zero hits.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
You can fix this by creating a search synonyms file (File
> New > Synonyms) and adding a group synonym where “sub=hoagie=torpedo=”
and so on. Now, when users search for hoagie, they’ll get the Subs topic.
Problem solved?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Perhaps. Users who search for “hoagie” but find “sub” are
likely to do one of two things. If you have lots of credibility with your users,
they may infer that a hoagie is the same thing as a sub. More likely, they’ll think
the index entry was misdirected and the credibility of your material will drop
a bit.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The solution is to change the wording of the synonym to make
it clear that it is a synonym, like changing the synonym to “hoagie, aka sub”. However,
the synonym editor only accepts single-word entries. Now what? <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are two solutions, one that works by using the
meta-description feature but doesn’t involve index entries at all, and a speculative
solution that does involve index entries.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4>
Meta-Description Solution</h4>
<h3>
<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The first solution is to add the synonyms in the topic’s meta-description
(in the Topic Properties tab of a topic’s Properties dialog box, shown below.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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In the Description field, you can enter a description of the
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<div class="MsoNormal">
It’s not as efficient as seeing the full synonym in the
search highlight but it does the job.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h4>
Speculative Solution</h4>
<h3>
<o:p></o:p></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This involves creating the multi-word synonyms as index
entries. Go to the topic for which you want to add synonyms, like the subs
topic, and press F9 to open the Index window. Enter the multi-word synonyms,
one per line. For example, for the subs topic, you might add the synonyms “hoagie,
aka sub” and “torpedo, aka sub”. If users then search for hoagie, the browser
will return the subs topic as the hit. The problem is that the search results
screen looks like this.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The search report shows only what the users type in the
search field. The complete synonym is “hoagie, aka sub” but you don’t want
users to have to type that whole entry or expect them to. You want them to just
type “hoagie”, run the search, and see a report that says “Your search for
“hoagie, aka sub” returned 1 result(s).” that reinforces the idea that a hoagie
is the same thing as a sub.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The problem is that, as of Flare 2017 r3, the search report only
shows what the user typed in the search field. It doesn’t list the complete
search term. I have put in a feature request to make the search report list the
entire entry but there’s no way to tell whether MadCap will add this feature or
when. So, you’d be adding these index synonyms on speculation that MadCap might
add the feature.<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2>
Summary<o:p></o:p></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Indexing is increasingly seen as a dying feature as more and
more Flare authors default to using search. But there are some good reasons for
continuing to add index entries, especially if you want to increase the findability
of certain topics. Indexing may be old but it’s far from dead.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com115tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1930276168848174458.post-78784828009320056992018-02-05T06:38:00.001-05:002018-02-05T08:49:08.440-05:00ViziApps Studio’ Logic Builder(TM) – the Continued GUI-izing of Authoring<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Authoring tools for new technologies typically start
code-heavy but follow the same trajectory over time – tasks that required
working in the code can now be handled through a point-and-click GUI. The
result?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Less technical authors can create outputs nearly
as powerful as those by more technical authors, so the market expands. (The
first online help conference I attended, in 1991, before GUI tools like
RoboHelp and Doc-to-Help made an impact of the market, was attended by every online help author
that the organizers could find in North America. There were 12 of us. In 1994, </span><i style="text-indent: -0.25in;">after</i><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> GUI tools had appeared, I gave a speech
on help authoring to the STC’s Boston chapter. There were over 100 attendees.)</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Technically-oriented authors, and programmers,
can create outputs faster because the GUI simplifies tasks like interface
design. Authors can still do these tasks in code if they want to, but they
don’t </span><i style="text-indent: -0.25in;">have</i><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> to.</span></li>
</ul>
<!--[if !supportLists]--><o:p></o:p><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My example comes from online help, but it applies to another
technology that technical communicators can get involved – app development. Technical
communicators often don’t see themselves as creating apps, but we didn’t see ourselves
as creating online help and web pages in the early 1990s either. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Technical communicators have shied away from apps because of
the technical skills required. But just as with online help and the web, new
app development tools hide the code behind a friendly GUI, making it more
inviting to step into this space. An entire set of app development tools known as
“low code/no code”, DIY (Do IT Yourself), or RMAD (Rapid Mobile App
Development) tools has appeared in the last few years. (Look for a post about
these tools in the near future.)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In this post, I’ll present an example of such GUI-izing in
an RMAD tool called ViziApps Studio – www.viziapps.com. (Note – I’m certified
in and provide training and development support for Studio.) Studio offers a
full suite of predefined actions that you can use to complete a mobile app. Some are simple
menu picks, like creating a button that can jump to a specific page in the app. Others support bar code scanning and enable maps and geo-location services. In many cases, these predefined actions may be all you need for your app. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But what if you need more advanced actions that are not predefined.
These require JavaScript. The Studio makes it easy to add JavaScript to an app, but
you have to know JavaScript in the first place. What if you don’t? That’s where
ViziApps’ Logic Builder comes in.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Here's a screen shot of Studio’s old actions dialog box:<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF3_DCi_VGuMJuSnWEcKR7f8WgvAuIXeV0q9OIP5eiBs6j5Doshp3ppzvbEteThJ4jo0acD_of-N2qnrYtW_9EPA2bfh6cCylGHjubfIuJY6joq_OfM5UD3_ClL9-ZNsqJu2u7RGFFgzQ/s1600/Action+Controls.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="336" data-original-width="605" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF3_DCi_VGuMJuSnWEcKR7f8WgvAuIXeV0q9OIP5eiBs6j5Doshp3ppzvbEteThJ4jo0acD_of-N2qnrYtW_9EPA2bfh6cCylGHjubfIuJY6joq_OfM5UD3_ClL9-ZNsqJu2u7RGFFgzQ/s400/Action+Controls.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It looks straightforward. To jump the user to the previous
page, apply that action. To jump the user to a different page, select “Go to
page” and specify the name of the target page. No Javascripting.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But what if you want to add a button that, when clicked,
clears all entries in all fields on a page? There’s no predefined control for
that so you have to write the JavaScript and attach it to the button. Or if you
want to perform some arithmetic, like calculating the discount on an invoice? Again,
there’s no predefined action for that so you have to, again, write the
JavaScript and attach it to the button.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
That’s where Logic Builder comes in. Logic Builder lets you add
the predefined actions – those that don’t require JavaScript and many of those
that do. Here’s the main Logic Builder screen.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDB7iT1otkD34J-1NTHZB4lxfaCxxh6A0dTOhMIsUjegRtT8sH86oLgotxivoFUAXMjzB-plxkDaehXoI8_G-bYlp5uqEsLVae_nDDIFstxKNxV0S2o5XrAqRpTXBogVKfkyRBy1HkmPU/s1600/Logic+Builder+-+Main+Screen.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="765" data-original-width="752" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDB7iT1otkD34J-1NTHZB4lxfaCxxh6A0dTOhMIsUjegRtT8sH86oLgotxivoFUAXMjzB-plxkDaehXoI8_G-bYlp5uqEsLVae_nDDIFstxKNxV0S2o5XrAqRpTXBogVKfkyRBy1HkmPU/s400/Logic+Builder+-+Main+Screen.png" width="392" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let’s say you want to add a “clear all fields on this page”
action to a button. Select the Field Action options. Here’s the result. (The next three images extend off the right hand side of the page. It was the only way to make them large enough to read the screen content.)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhslledgar5rh5phAu_iBfsZn1czowsy2tBOkI3MkkQOpeHFZct4Mh2zNisyk5d1hg9lwwX2lMopCtBuF8RXhoTlFGgiNdk0NqLuSBsoBZD8FFosR1AXqmC2k03ZedajWRciRa40dbkWKg/s1600/Logic+Builder+-+Field+Action+Screen.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="545" data-original-width="1072" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhslledgar5rh5phAu_iBfsZn1czowsy2tBOkI3MkkQOpeHFZct4Mh2zNisyk5d1hg9lwwX2lMopCtBuF8RXhoTlFGgiNdk0NqLuSBsoBZD8FFosR1AXqmC2k03ZedajWRciRa40dbkWKg/s640/Logic+Builder+-+Field+Action+Screen.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:468pt;
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Now select the “Clear all the fields on the current page”
option. Here’s the result.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioxfPf7biYybEsCA2ui2FcjNtmkTX_UOJ7885ctVfrbi96AMD8OV5D5BtO65M_YOLhs8xlUA0IStFJ4O2cFXlTYbewJdo7OmKdeJREGcIfqi0jIyU4hxlJQnkPkGhWe8E-xkwvRwrluzQ/s1600/Logic+Builder+-+Clear+All+Fields+On+This+Page+Screen.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="416" data-original-width="1070" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioxfPf7biYybEsCA2ui2FcjNtmkTX_UOJ7885ctVfrbi96AMD8OV5D5BtO65M_YOLhs8xlUA0IStFJ4O2cFXlTYbewJdo7OmKdeJREGcIfqi0jIyU4hxlJQnkPkGhWe8E-xkwvRwrluzQ/s640/Logic+Builder+-+Clear+All+Fields+On+This+Page+Screen.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Need to specify which page to clear? Select the “Clear all
the fields on a page” option and specify the name of the page from a pulldown.
No Javascripting.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Want to perform an arithmetic operation? Select Math and
Arithmetic Operation. Here’s the result where you can define the operation.
Again, no Javascripting.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8EmjCde0faWWQUMEBxfSIxZIwZkQGQOHceEeDzw_v3yqw1k77u4rtOIEqmyZfei2HkP8CwSjt2k0lbTQGqwcc5utmlSo9VewMnY62Er16hHCkCZ6lhCDCPbk9ROIZcvOtFVdILp0fVa4/s1600/Logic+Builder+-+Math+Operations+Screen.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="413" data-original-width="1193" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8EmjCde0faWWQUMEBxfSIxZIwZkQGQOHceEeDzw_v3yqw1k77u4rtOIEqmyZfei2HkP8CwSjt2k0lbTQGqwcc5utmlSo9VewMnY62Er16hHCkCZ6lhCDCPbk9ROIZcvOtFVdILp0fVa4/s640/Logic+Builder+-+Math+Operations+Screen.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Will Logic Builder eliminate Javascripting in a project? It
depends what you want to do. But Logic Builder will eliminate a lot of it,
perhaps all of it. Things may get a bit complicated when you specify field
values for some actions – e.g. what’s an array? Or an If-Then-Else? But many business
apps may not need these features. If yours does, there’s reference material and
training available.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Logic Builder offers many other actions, including:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Navigation – to move around an app.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Data management – to retrieve data from or write
it to a database.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Device action – such as making a call or taking
a photo.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Popups – to link to a web page or display an
alert.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Dates and times – to retrieve dates or parts of
dates or times.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Logic – to perform tests on data and take
different actions depending on the results.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Math – to perform mathematical calculations.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">And more.</span></li>
</ul>
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Each category can be expanded to include new actions, so this
feature is extensible to meet future Javascripting needs.<o:p></o:p></div>
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The appearance of Logic Builder and similar GUI authoring
features are making it easier for technical communicators to create powerful
business apps. App development can become one more skill in your skill set.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>NOTE:</b> Logic Builder
is in a limited beta release as of February 5, 2018. I’ll post a note when it becomes
fully available. <o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
Logic Builder is a trademark of ViziApps, Inc.</div>
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Neil Perlinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06646202983263114516noreply@blogger.com1